A REVIEW ON ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITING THERAPEUTICS AND RECENT BREAKTHROUGHS IN THE FIELD OF ALZHEIMER`S DISEASE

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most well-studied neurodegenerative conditions. It is a debilitating chronic disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Almost 131.5 million individuals are predicted to be affected by the disease by 2050. The main effects of AD are cognitive decline and language problems. One of the factors contributing to AD is the gradual decrease in the brain’s concentrations of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. The breakdown of acetylcholine is carried out by the increased activity of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme within the brain. Many natural and synthetic acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) have been created in order to slow down the progression of the disease over the years. Currently, there are two potential AChEIs (Donepezil and Galantamine) that have shown positive clinical advantages. Furthermore, Rivastigmine is claimed to be an anti-AChE molecule showing the effects similar to Donepezil and Galantamine. The knowledge of specific as well as multitargeted molecules to treat or cure AD is the ultimate route to reach achievements in the field of AD medication. The intention of this review article is to give an overview of different types of cholinesterase Inhibitors (ChEIs) such as single and multi-target inhibitors and natural organic compounds used in curing AD. Furthermore, the recent breakthroughs in the field of AD are also discussed.