PROBIOTICS: ANAVANT-GARDESTEP INTHE THERAPY OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic progressive inflammatory autoimmune ailment with multifactorial etiology. The human gut is a massive intricate ecosystem where microbiota, nutrients, and host cells interact extensively to uphold gut homeostasis. Gut microbiota acts as a modulator of immunity and dysbiosis has detrimental effects on health by triggering a persistent inflammatory response that may eventually result in disease.  Probiotics are live microorganisms that can normalize gut microbiota and boost the host’s health when administered in adequate amounts. Recent research has demonstrated that probiotics have important roles in the makeup of the gut microbiota, which can prevent pathogenic bacteria from colonizing the intestine, support the host in developing a strong intestinal mucosa defensive barrier, and reinforce the host immune system. Probiotics have positive effects on health, including immune system regulation and anti-inflammatory activity by preventing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-. Probiotics may affect NF-kB, proteasome activity, Toll-like receptors, as well as their regulators and stimuli, at various sites along the MAPK pathway. Because of the close association between gut microbiota and human immunity, controlling the gut microbiome with probiotics has proven to be a very efficient strategy to boost human immunity in Rheumatoid arthritis. The preclinical and clinical trials demonstrating probiotics’ effectiveness in treating Rheumatoid arthritis are summarized in this review together with the recent information on the interaction between immunology, probiotics, and gut microbiota.