MUZZLE AREA INVOLVEMENT – AN UNUSUAL PRESENTATION IN LEPROSY

Lepromatous leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, characterized by the extensive involvement of skin and peripheral nerves. While it commonly affects the cooler regions of the body, such as the extremities, ears, and face, involvement of the muzzle area is exceedingly rare. We present a unique case of lepromatous leprosy in a 42-year-old male, where the initial manifestation of the disease primarily occurred in the muzzle area. This case report highlights the atypical clinical presentation of lepromatous leprosy, which typically spares the central face and mucous membranes. The patient exhibited disfiguring nodules, erythema, and sensory loss in the muzzle area, leading to a delayed diagnosis due to the unusual site of involvement. A comprehensive clinical evaluation, histopathological examination, and microbiological confirmation were pivotal in establishing the diagnosis. The rarity of muzzle area involvement in lepromatous leprosy underscores the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for atypical presentations, especially in regions where leprosy is endemic. Early detection and multidrug therapy remain crucial in preventing deformities and minimizing the spread of the disease. Furthermore, this case serves as a reminder for healthcare professionals to consider leprosy in the differential diagnosis of unusual facial lesions, even in non-endemic regions, as prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential for patient well-being and public health.