A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR INSULIN RESISTANCE IN POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterized by symptoms such as elevated androgen levels, the presence of multiple cysts on the ovaries, irregular or absent ovulation and various metabolic disturbances. Women with PCOS commonly experience metabolic dysfunction, obesity and infertility. They also face a higher risk of pregnancy complications and long-term cardiovascular disease. About 75% of individuals with PCOS have Insulin Resistance (IR). IR can trigger symptoms of PCOS, but hyperandrogenemia related to PCOS can also worsen IR. This review aims to summarize the current treatment options for managing IR in PCOS and to prevent the long-term complications associated with it. Current treatment strategies include lifestyle modifications, which remain foundational for improving metabolic health, alongside pharmacological interventions such as Metformin, Thiazolidinediones, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1 RA) and SGLT-2 (Sodium Glucose Co-transport) inhibitors. These established therapies offer significant benefits in managing IR and associated symptoms. Additionally, Inositol has gained recognition for its role in supporting metabolic and reproductive outcomes. Emerging treatments also show promise, including Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA), Probiotics, Green Tea Extracts (GTE), L-Carnitine, Astaxanthin (ASX), Resveratrol, N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), L-Arginine, Berberine, Vitamin D, Omega-3 fatty acid, Chromium and Magnesium. As our understanding of PCOS and IR continues to advance, integrating both current and emerging therapies will be key to improving patient outcomes and quality of life.