NANOMEDICINE FOR HUNTINGTON’S DISEASE: A REVIEW OF CURRENT STRATEGIES, CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

Mutations in the HTT gene cause Huntington’s disease (HD), a hereditary neurological disorder. These mutations lead to the accumulation of the mutant huntingtin protein, which results in neuronal dysfunction and progressively worsening mental, cognitive, and physical symptoms. In Western populations, the prevalence of HD ranges from 10.6 to 13.7 cases per 100,000. Huntington’s disease does not yet have a cure; the main treatments for its symptoms are cognitive and psychiatric issues, chorea, psychosis, and dystonia. Among the therapeutic issues that need to be addressed are poor drug distribution across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and off-target effects caused by the BBB’s restricted permeability. Nanotechnology provides novel methods and insights that can improve therapy effectiveness, neuroprotection, and customized drug delivery. This review article discusses Huntington’s disease’s aetiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, current treatments, nanotherapy, and ongoing clinical studies. Despite numerous challenges, this review highlights the advancements in nanotechnology for HD therapy, the possibility of overcoming present barriers, improving patient outcomes, and the need for additional research to fully understand long-term health effects.