IDENTIFICATION OF BIOMARKERS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN FRESHWATER FISH (CIRRHINUSREBA) AFTER EXPOSURE TO INDUSTRIAL WASTE IN KANPUR

Exposure to heavy metals may modify fish behavior, metabolism, physiology, growth, and reproduction. They are also responsible for introducing genetic and teratogenic effects in fish. Now a day’s in many regions; fish production is decreased due to the occurrence of diseases caused by different pathogens in aquaculture. The increasing level of trace elements is dangerous for fish growth and reproduction and for human beings. Rapid industrialization is contaminating natural freshwater by heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Co, Pb, Ni, Cr and Mn), turning it into a global problem. The effect of pollution on the aquatic ecosystem of river Ganga was monitored, and a field study was conducted by analyzing the different biomarkers enzymes. Biochemical parameters in the various tissues (muscles, liver, gills, and kidney) of the Indian carp Cirrhinusreba collected from the river Ganga from different study sites of Kanpur. The catalase peroxides, hydrogen peroxides, and protein content level significantly increased as compared upstream to downstream. The catalase activity in the tissue of carp fish was found to be significantly (<0.05) increased up to 4.417 ± 0.02 (µmoles/min/mg of total protein). This imbalance may lead to damage of tissues and cellular components, which in turn would trigger the induction of antioxidant defense mechanisms. The depletion of tissue protein in content under toxicity stress has already been reported. Thus, it clearly shows that oxidative damage and decline in antioxidant defense due to malathion-induced oxidative stress.