DIFFERENT TREATMENT APPROACHES USED IN AUTOIMMUNE THYROID DISEASE: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Autoimmune thyroid disease triggers because of T cells attack in the immune system (in the thyroid gland). AITD mainly comprises of two types- ‘Hashimoto’s thyroiditis’ (hypothyroidism) & ‘Grave’s Disease’ (thyrotoxicosis). India has ‘42 million’ people groups experiencing thyroid disease, likewise it has perceived that in contrast with men 80% women affect more from immune system thyroid disease. The attentiveness of Autoimmune hyperthyroidism accounts from 3·0 to 7·5%, hypothyroidism accounts for 0·9%. Genetic Susceptibility, Sex Steroids, Stress, Pregnancy, Radiation Exposure, ‘Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies (TPO), ‘Thyroglobulin Antibodies’ (TG), B & T- Cell Responses exist as prime reasons of AITD. ‘Cytokine interferon-gamma’ also show dynamic part in origin of HD disease. Radionuclide scan, physical inspection, fine needle aspiration, lymphocytic infiltrate, TPO, and TG detection (by RIA) are significant diagnosis parameters for ‘AITD’. Levothyroxin treatment intended for HT and antithyroid drugs are meant for GD. Observing of regular dosing is precarious for both therapies. The side effects of hormonal therapy could be avoided by using the herbal approach (Bacopa monnieri, Melissa officinalis, Withania somnifera, Emblica officinalis) to improve thyroid dysfunction. There is also possibilities for novelclinical investigation of the plants to verify their effectiveness in thyroid dysfunction further.