A BRIEF REVIEW ON: PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIULCER PROPERTIES OF PLANTS (FABACEAE FAMILY) USED BY TRIBAL PEOPLE OF GADCHIROLI INDIA.
HTML Full TextA BRIEF REVIEW ON: PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIULCER PROPERTIES OF PLANTS (FABACEAE FAMILY) USED BY TRIBAL PEOPLE OF GADCHIROLI INDIA.
Lalchand D. Devhare * and Niharika Gokhale
Oriental College of Pharmacy and Research, Oriental University Indore, Sanwer Road, Jakhya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
ABSTRACT: Medicinal plants play a vital role in human health as these are nature’s gift to human beings to make disease-free, healthy lives. The various families such as Amaranthaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Myrtaceae, Orchidaceae, Piperaceae, Solanaceae etc. comprises several medicinal properties distributed in the tropical and subtropical region of India. The medicinal usage of these families has been reported in the traditional systems of medicine. An exhaustive literature survey was performed on the medicinal plants of the district which revealed that 90 plants belong to different families is reported antiulcer property used by tribal region. Different parts of Fabiaceae family plant extract are widely used by tribal (Gond Madiya Jamat) of Gadchiroli to heal ulcer and relieve stomach pain without precipitating any side effects. The present review was conducted and focuses on the ethnomedical, phytochemical and antiulcer activity of different plant extracts of the Fabiaceae family.
Keywords: Antiulcer, Fabaceae, Ethnomedicine, Tribal people, Gond Madiya Jamat, Gadchiroli Region
INTRODUCTION: The Fabaceae / Leguminosae, generally recognized as the legume, pea, or own bean family, remain a huge and cautiously vital own family of blossoming floras. It contains wooden, shrubs, and herbaceous flower perennials or annuals, which might be diagnosed without difficulty by the manner in their quit result (legume) and their composite, specified leaves. The foundation remains broadly distributed and is the 1/3 biggest terrestrial plant family in phrases of a variety of classes, in the back of best the Orchidaceous and Asteraceae, by 730 genres and above 19,400 species 1.
The most important species are Astragalus (above 2,400 species), Acacia (above 950 species), Indigofera (about 700 species), Crotalaria (about 700 kinds), besides Mimosa (about 500 species), which cover about 9.4% of all blossoming plant types 2. Present-day molecular then morphological evidence facilitates the reality that Fabaceae is a solo monophyletic circle of relatives 3. The efficacy of medicinal plants for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. The researcher’s observed activity in these plants is attributed to the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, and phenolic acids 4.
Based at the literature assessment common of 6 flora (Cassia tora, Pithocellobium dulce, Butea monospermous, Pongamia pinnata, Tephrosia purpurea, Mucuna pruriens) which may be substantially allotted inside the direction of the Gadchiroli place of Maharashtra. The conventional understanding of remedial flora and their use by consuming the usage of indigenous healers and remedy improvement within the gift are beneficial not only for preservation of cultural tradition and biodiversity but also for public health care and drug improvement in close by human beings. A peptic ulcer is a remitting, relapsing wound most often recognized in center-aged to older adults. It impairs the high-quality of lifestyles; it's miles one of the leading reasons for gastrointestinal surgical operation with excessive morbidity and mortality fees 5. The pathogenesis of ulcers consists of mainly competitive factors (acid, pepsin, bile, and Helicobacter pylori infection), which can be complemented through factors that include demanding lifestyle, alcohol intake, smoking, use of steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and lower socioeconomic fame 6, 7. Further to allopathy capsules, herbal flowers are also well-liked within the antiulcer drug market due to their safer ability, effectiveness, and comfort 8, 9. Although ulcer is not a deadly disease, it can lead to more serious complications like gastrointestinal bleeding, perforations, penetration of ulcer into adjacent organs, and gastric outlet obstruction 10. Medications are used to relieve the pain, heal ulcerations and delay the recurrence of ulcerations. These include antibiotics 11 antacids, and proton pump inhibitors 12. Several drugs are available in the market for gastric ulcer therapy; however, most drugs are associated with unwanted side effects 13. The present review article will emphasize the ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and antiulcer potential of several plants of the fabiaceae family, traditionally used for healing purposes in tribal areas like Gadchiroli District of Maharashtra, India. Fig. 1 represents some antiulcer potential from the plant.
FIG. 1: SOME POTENTIAL ANTIULCER AGENTS FROM PLANT
Antiulcer Potential of Plant from Fabaceae Family: In Recent Studies of Cassia tora, Pithecellobium dulce, Butea monosperma Pongamia pinnata, Tephrosia purpurea, Abrus precatorius, Cajanus cajan, Vigna mungo, Tamarandus indica, Pterocarpus marsupium var., Mucuna pruriens (Fabaceae) and this plant used by tribal people Gond, Madiya, Adiwasi Jamat of gadchiroli maharashtra. The present findings are probably the first record of medicinal plants in the family Fabaceae of the Gadchiroli region of Maharashtra. Medicinal plants used by local people of the region the neighborhood health healers had used a total of 90 medicinal plant species belonging to 11 genera for the remedy of different sicknesses. Amongst exclusive plant parts utilized by these humans, the Leaves, Roots, Bark, Fruit, Gum, and flower plant life are used most regularly to treatment ulcers. Normally, a sparkling part of the plant may be used to guide drugs. The Scientific Classification of 11 plants belonging to the Fabaceae family is given in Table 1.
TABLE 1: SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION
Class.
Plant Name |
Kingdom | Sub-kingdom | Super-
division |
Division | Class | Subclass | Order | Family | Genus | Species |
Cassia tora |
Plantae-Plants |
Tracheobionta- Vascular plants |
Spermatophyta- Seed plants |
Magnoliophyta- Flowering Plants |
Magnoliopsida- Dicotyledons |
Rosidae |
Fabales |
Fabaceae/ Leguminosae- Pea Family |
Senna
Mill-Senna |
Sennatora(L.)
Roxb.-Sickle senna |
P. dulce | Pithecellobium Mart-Blackbead | Pithecellobium Dulce(Roxb.) Benth.-Monkeypod | ||||||||
B. monosperma | Butea
Roxb.ex Willd- Butea |
Butea monosperma
(Lam.) Taubert- Bengal kino |
||||||||
P. pinnata | Millettia Wight & Arn.- oiltree | Millettia pinnata(L.)
Panigrahi- Pongame oiltree |
||||||||
T. purpurea | Tephrosia Pers.– hoarypea | Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. – fishpoison | ||||||||
M. pruriens | Mucuna Adans.– mucuna | Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. – velvet bean | ||||||||
A. precatorius | Abrus Adans. – abrus | Abrus precatorius L. –
rosarypea |
||||||||
C.
cajan |
Cajanus Adans. – cajanus | Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. – pigeonpea | ||||||||
V. mungo | Vigna Savi – cowpea | Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper –
black gram |
||||||||
T.
Indica |
Tamarindus L. – tamarind | Tamarindus indica L. –
tamarind |
||||||||
P. marsupium var. | Pterocarpus Jacq. – pterocarpus | Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. – Malabar kino |
Pharmacology of Several Plants Used in Tribal Regions with Special Emphasis on Antiulcer Potential: The Fabaceae family plant antiulcer activity ware reported in various research. The various antiulcer activities are separated from the Fabaceae family reviewed here.
Cassia tora: Hydroalcoholic extracts of Cassia tora (Seeds) were evaluated for antiulcer pastime in alcohol-precipitated gastric ulcers in albino rats, and authors said full-size interest in lowering the gastric volume, pH, and general acidity, suggest ulcer score and ulcer index 14.
Pithecellobium dulce: The hydroalcoholic extract of Pithecellobium dulce (Fruit) became discovered to own a proper antioxidant hobby and shows probable antiulcer hobby with its “unfastened-radical scavenging and inhibition of H, okay-ATPase activities similar to omeprazole. Phytochemical screening yielded flavonoids - quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, naringin, daidzein 14.
Butea monosperma: The alcoholic extract of Butea monosperma bark at 500mg/kg confirmed 79.30 and eighty-two.20% healing against ethanol and aspirin-caused gastric ulcerations respectively signifying free radical scavenging houses of the extract for antiulcer effect”14.
Pongamia pinnata: It's been stated that the methanolic extract of Pongamia pinnata roots confirmed extensive safety in opposition to aspirin and 4 h PL, but no longer in opposition to ethanol-triggered ulceration. It confirmed an inclination to lower acetic acid-brought-on ulcers after ten days of treatment. Ulcer protecting effect of PPRM changed because of augmentation of mucosal-protecting elements, including mucin secretion, the existence “span of mucosal cells, mucosal cell glycoproteins, mobile proliferation, and lipid peroxidation prevention” in preference to the offensive acid-pepsin secretion 14, 15.
Tephrosia purpurea: “The antiulcer activity of water extract of Tephrosia purpurea root changed into studied in rats in which gastric ulcers were brought about by way of oral administration of alcohol or 0.6 M HCl or indomethacin or via pyloric ligation and duodenal ulcers have been brought on by using oral administration of cysteamine HCl”. Consequences recommend plant extracts exhibit enormous antiulcer belongings either because of cytoprotective movement or through the strengthening of duodenal and gastric mucosa and, for this reason improving mucosal defense 14.
Mucuna pruriens: The prevailing examine is meant to research and examine the antiulcer pastime of the alcoholic extract of Mucuna pruriens (Seed) by means of indomethacin-caused ulcer in albino rats and to decide its link among oxidant or antioxidant parameter. The extract of Mucuna pruriens was examined on “indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in albino rats”. The antiulcer interest of high dose (400 mg/kg) and occasional dose (two hundred mg/kg) of alcoholic extract of Mucuna pruriens have been assessed by measuring the ulcerative place and percentage reduction of the ulcerative region, which was compared with preferred drug misoprostol 14.
Abrus precatorius: Antiulcer efficacy of “Abrus precatorius leaf extract against acetic acid-induced stomach ulcer in rats was tested. A. precatorius dosages of 150 mg per kg and 300 mg per kg were given orally once daily for ten days”. The plant leaves reduced stomach volume and acidity, resulting in a gastric antisecretory action. Then, gastric mucin was raised, which demonstrated a stomach cytoprotective effect 15.
Cajanus cajan: Alcoholic Cajanus cajan leaves extract shows a significant antiulcer property. The extracts also possess free radical scavenging property on endogenous PGs. The ethanolic extract of Cajanus cajan leaves possess “Antiulcer activity could be mainly due to the modulation of defensive factors through an improvement of gastric cytoprotection and partly due to acid inhibition” 15.
Vigna mungo: In a dose-dependent manner, the ulcerogenic activity of leaves extract substantially (P0.05) reduced the development of paw edoema generated by carrageenan in rats and enhanced response latency to thermal pain in rats. The ulcerogenic activity of the leaves is mediated by the successive inhibition of the enzymes involved for prostaglandine formation from arachidonic acid 15.
Tamarandus indica: Tamarindus indica seed coat methanolic extract Linn dosages of 100 mg per kg and 200 mg per kg were administered orally to rats of various groups. The usual treatment for these gastric ulcer models was ranitidine at a dose of 50 mg per kg. The studies analyze the antiulcer potential of alcohol, ibuprofen, and pyloric ligation-induced gastric lesions 14.
Pterocarpus marsupium var: The authors evaluated the “vulnerability of gastric mucosa to ulceration in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM was produced in 5-day-old rat pups by administering streptozotocin (70 mg/kg, i.p)) rats vis-à-vis the protective effects of the methanolic extract of Pterocarpus marsupium heartwood (PMS, an antidiabetic herbal plant)” 19.
The traditional medicinal plants were typically used for different antiulcer activity, antidiabetic, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-tuberculosis, Anti-inflammatory, hormone balancing, antifertility effect, antiallergic, antiparasitic, cough suppressant, blood purifier, carminative, hypotensive and ulcers. However, all these plants have been reported to have antiulcer properties. The detail pharmacological properties are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2: PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF SEVERAL ANTIULCER PLANTS
S. no. | Botanical Name | Family | Local Name/ Common Name | Gondi/
Madiya Name |
Plant Part Used | Extracts Used For Anti-Ulceractivity | Phytoconstituents | Pharmacological Activity | Ref. |
1 | Adathoa Vasica | Acanthaceae | Vasaka.
|
Adulsa | Leaves, Flowers, Fruit, Roots | Induced by Ethanol Leaves Extract | l-vasicinone, deoxyvasicine, maiontone, vasicinolone and vasicinol, Main constituent of Vasicinone Alkaloids | Anti-Inflammatory, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Expectorant, Antispasmodic and Anti Ulcer | Chavhan 201414, Shrivastava et al 200620 |
2 | Barleria Prionitisl. Ssp. | Acanthaceae | Katekorante. | Sonerimarrha | Leaves, Root, Bark, Stem and Flowers | Methanol Extract of Leaves | Barlenoside, acetylbarlerine, barlerine, and balarenone and some common secondary metabolites such as lupeol, β- vanillic acid, sitosterol, and syringic acid. Glycosides, steroids, tannins and flavonoids. shanzhiside methyl ester, Iridoid glycosides, barlerin | Antibacterial, Anticancer,
Antifungal, Antiviral, Antifertility, Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibitory, Anti Ulcer Hepatoprotective, Antihypertensive, Anticataract |
Khonde et al 201615, Singh et al 201721, Manjusha et al 201322 |
3 | Andrograpehis Paniculata.
|
Acanthaceae. | Kalmegh, Green Chiratta | Bhuilimb | Leaves, Root, Whole Part. | Hydroalcoholic Extract of Whole Part | “Andrographolide, bioactive compound- ent-labdane diterpenoids, twelve flavonoids, and two quinic acid, xanthone, noriridoids, andrographidoids A, B, C, D, and E” | Anti-Inflammatory, Anti Viral, Anti Pyretic, Immuno Stimulatory, Hepato Protective, Cardio Protective and Anti Ulcer. | Dange 201716, Saranya and Geetha 201123 |
4 | Aloe
Barbadensis. |
Aloeaceae. | Aloe Vera | Korphad | Leaves. | Induced by Ethanol Leaves Extract. | It comprises about 200 ingredients, including enzymes, vital amino acids, glucose, and others. | Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Mucus Secreting, Cytoprotective or Healing Activities & Anti Ulcer | Chavhan 201414, Shrestha et al 201624 |
5 | Achyranthus Aspera L.
Var. Aspera. |
Amaranthaceae. | Kuthri | Kuthrimarrha | Roo, Bar,
Leaves, Whole Plant. |
Ethanolic Extract of Leaves.[25] | Saponines, oleanolic acid, amino acids and hentriacontane, dihydroxyhenpentacontan-4-on 27-cyclohexylheptacosan-7-ol. aliphatic dihydroxyketone 36, 37 | Obstetrics And Gynaecology,. For Snake Bites The Ground Root Is Given With Water Until The Patient Vomits Andregains Consciousness, Antiulcer. | Khonde et al 201615, Maury et al 201225 |
6 | Amaranthus Spinosus
L. |
Amaranthaceae. | Kathematha Or
Chavlichi Bhaj |
Doggelkusari | Leaves, Whole Plants | Ethanolic Extract of Whole Plants | flavonoids, Alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, phenolic acids, amino acids, lipids, saponins, terpenoids, Anthriquinone derivatives, β-sitosterol, volatile oils, organic acids, betalains, stigmasterol, catechuic tannins, linoleic acid, rutin, polyuronides, and carotenoids | Anti-Inflammatory, Antibacterial, Antimicrobial, Antidiuretic, Antimalarial,And Antiviral Agent And In Hepatic Disorders, Antiulcer | Khonde et al 201615, Hussain et al 200926 |
7 | Spinacia Oleracea L. | Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae | Spinach | Palak. | Leaves | Water Extract by Leaves | Flavonoid- Quercetin, magnesium, anisenese, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin K, and folic acid. Presence of different carotenoids such as lutein, β-carotene, violaxanthin, 9-(Z)-neoxanthin | Hypoglycemic, Anti-Inflammation, Antipyretic, Anti-Diuretic, Maturant, Laxative, Digestiblle, Anthelmentic, Urinary Concretion, Anti Allergic, Lumbago, Antifungal, Antiemetic, Antiulcer. | Kore et al 201127, Khonde et al 201615, |
8 | Semicarpus
Anacardium. |
Anacardiacea. | Marking Nut | Biba | Seed | Methanolic Extract Of Seed | Flavonoids such as tetrahydroamentoflavone (THA), jeediflavanone, semicarpou-flavonone, galluflavonone, nallaflavonone, semecarpeti and anacardioflavonone along with other phenolic compounds such as bhilawanols and anacardic acids have been reported. | Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Cancer, Antibacterial, Anti-Rheumatic, Anthelminthic And Antiulcer Activities | Kumar et al 201128, Chavhan 201414 |
9 | Mangifera
Indica. |
Anacardiacea. | Mangoes | Amba | Leaves, Fruits, Stem Bark, Heartwood And Roots. | Petroleum Ether And Ethanol Extracts of Leaves. | Macronutrients , phenolic, polyphenol, pigments, and volatile, Carbohydrates, amino acids include lysine, phenylalanine, leucine, cysteine, arginine, valine, and methionine, lipid, pigments -chlorophylls (a and b) and carotenoids, organic acids | Antioxidant, Anti-Allergic, Anti-Inflammatory, Antitumour, Antidiabetic, Antidegenerative, Wound Healing, Hepatoprotective, Hypotensive, Cardiotonic, Antiviral, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antiparasitic, Gastroprotective And Antiulcer Activities. | Chavhan 201414, Prabhu and Rajan 201529 |
10 | Buchnania Lanzan.
|
Anacardiaceae | Charoli Nut. | Char. | Leaves, Bark, And Seed.[30,31] | Methanolic Extract of Leaves.[31] | Flavonoids, saponins, tannins, triterpenoids, Phenols, kaempferol-7-o’glucosides, quercetin-3 rahmnoglucoside, quercetin, kaemferol, gallic acid, including a new glycoside, and myricetin-3’-rhmnoside-3 galactoside, fibres, carbohydrates, mineral, fats, vitamin. [30,31] | Wound Healing, Antidiabetic, Antihyperlipidemic, Antioxidant, Antidiarrheal, Anti-Inflammatory , Antiulcer And Antimicrobial Medicinal Activities.[30,31] | Chavhan 201414, Rai et al 201630, Banerjee and Bandyopadhyay 201531 |
11 | Annonas quamosa L. | Annonaceae. | Shitaphal. | Shitaphalmarrha. | Fruit, Root, Leaves, Seed. | Aqueous Extract of Leaves. | 1-tritriacontanol , (+)-o-methyl armepavine , N-methyl corydaldine , lanuginosone , (+)anomuricine, isocorydine, N-methy1-6, 7- dimethoxy isoquinolone , 6,7-dimethoxy-2- methyl iosqninolinium, 13-sitosterol and 3-sitosterol-3-043-D-glucopyranoside | Anti-Tumor, Anti- Diabetic Anti Ulcer and AntiLipidaemic Activity | Madhu et al 201232, Khonde et al 201615, |
12 | Centella asiatica (L.) | Apiaceae. | Jalbrahmi. | Brahmimarrha. | Leaves, Flower, Roots Whole Plant. | Water Extract by Whole Plant. | Saponins ( triterpenoids), asiaticosides, brahmoside and brahminoside, glycosides isothankuniside , thankuniside , Centelloside, sterols, flavonoids, abundant tannins , essential acid, phytosterols, mucilages, resins, free aminoacids, fatty acids. | Sedative And Anxiolytic, Antidepressant, Antiepileptic, Cognitive And Antioxidant, Gastric Ulcer, Antinociceptive, Anti-Inflammatory. | Khonde et al 201615, Gohil et al 201033 |
13 | Coriandrum sativum L | Apiaceae. | Dhanyaka. | Dhane. | Seed, Leaves, Flower and Fruit. | Pet Ethar by Whole Plant.[ | Essential oil, terpenoids, tannins, reducing sugars, phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, fatty acids, sterols and glycosides. proteins, oils, carbohydrates, fibers and vitamins. “monoterpenes, α-pinene, limpnene, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, citronellol, geraniol, borneol, dihydrocoriandrin, coriandrin, coriandronsA-E”. | Anxiolytic, Antidepressant, Sedative-Hypnotic, Anticonvulsant, Memory Enhancemen, “Diuretic, Antioxidant Activity, Ant-Diabetic Anti-Microbial Activity, Anti-Convulsant Activity, Anti Mutagenic, Anthelmintic, Antiulcer, Activity”. | Khonde et al 201615, Khare et al 201934 |
14 | Carissa Congesta Wight Var. Congesta. Or Carissa Carandas . | Apocynaceae. | Carissa Carandas Linn. | Karvand. | Bark, Leaves, Roots, Fruits, Fruit Rind, Seeds. | Ethanolic Leaves Extract. | “lignan, carinol, 2-acetyl phenol, sesquiterpenes (carissone, carindone), lupeol, 16β-hydroxybetulinic acid, β-sitosterol, α-amyrin, β-sitosterol glycoside, and des-Nmethylnoracronycine, triterpenoid, tannins, carisol, epimer of α-amyrin, linalool, carissic acid, β-caryophyllene, ursolic acid, carinol, ascorbic acid, lupeol, and β sitosterol”. | Anti-Cancer, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Convulsant, Anti-Oxidant, Analgesic, Anthelmintic Activity, Anti-Ulcer, Cardiovascular, Anti-Nociceptive, Anti-Diabetic, Antipyretic, Anti Ulcer Neuropharmacological, Hepatoprotective, Diuretic Activities. | Khonde et al 201615, Begum et al 201935, Singh and Uppal 201536 |
15 | Catharanthus Roseus
(L). |
Apocynaceae. | Jaganthi,Sadafuli. | Pungarmarrha | Flower, Root, Leaves, Whole
Plant. |
Methanolic Extracts of Leaves. | Alkaloid, Carbohydrates, Saponins, Serpentine, Ajmaline, Catharanthine, Catharanthinole, Vindoline, Vindolinine, Vincaleucoblastine, Leurosidine and Vincristine. | Oliguria, Haematuria, Diabetes Mellitus, Menstural Disorders, Hypertension, Leukaemia,Wound Healing, Ulcers. | Khonde et al 201615, Mahathi et al 201337 |
16 | Alstonea
Scholaris. |
Apocyanacea. | Devil Tree. | Saptparni. | Bark, Leaves, Fruits. | Ethanolic Extract of A. Scholaris Leaves. | Alkaloids, leucoanthocyanins, coumarins, flavonoids, reducing sugars, simple phenolics, saponins, steroids, and tannins. Leaf extract contain the eight elements such as Cu, Zn, Fe, Ca, Cr, Mn and Cd. | Antibacterial Activity, Analgesic, Anti-Inflamatory, Antidiabetic, Anticancer, Antihyperlipidemic, Anti-Arthritic, Antioxidant, Anti-Ulcer, Antitubercular, Antifertility, Ameliorating, Hepatoprotective. | Chavhan 201414, Haritha et al 201938 |
17 | Calatropis Procera. | Apocynaceae. | Madar. | Rui. | Root, Leaves, Bark, Flower, Milky Latex. | Chloroform Extract and Hydroalcoholic Extract of Stem Bark. | Flavonoid glycoside, lignan glycoside, cardenolides, anthocyanins, and triterpenoids, Cardenolides, proceragenin. | Anti-Epilepsy, Anti-Inflamatory, Arthritis, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Anthelmentic , Loss Of Appetite, Anti Ulcer. | Tour et al 201139, Khonde et al 201615 |
18 | Gymnema Sylvestre R.Br
(Retz.). |
Asclepiadaceae. | Gurmarbooti. | Gudmar. | Leaves, Whole Plant. | Methanolic Extracts of Leaves. | Saponins, glycosides, sterols, alkaloids, carbohydrates, resins, flavonoids, tannins, proteins, triterpenoids, phenolic compound pentriacontane, phytin, hentriacontane, d-quercitol, gymnemic acids (antisweet compound). | Antidiabetic, Stomachic, Stimulant, Laxative And Diuretic, Jaundice, Dyspepsia, Parageusia , Hepatosplenomegaly, , Constipation, Helminthiasis, Anti Ulcer, Amenorrhea, Biliousness, Furunculosis And As An Antidote-Snake Bites. | Khonde et al 201615, Yasa et al 201240 |
19 | Tridax
Procumbems L. |
Asteraceae. | Ghamra. | Kambarmodi. | Leaves, Stem, Flower, And Roots. | Ethanolic Leaves Extract. | “Alkaloids, carotenoids, steroids, flavonoids (catechins and flavones), saponins and tannins, lipid constituents, fatty acid derivatives, sterols, luteolin, glucoluteolin, quercetin, isoquercetin and fumaric acid, copper, iron, manganese, sodium and zinc and other trace minerals such as magnesium, phosphorous, selenium potassium, and calcium”. | “Ntioxidant, Anti-Bacterial, Anti-Microbial, Anti-Inflammatory, Vasorelaxant, Anti-Leishmanial, Mosquitocidal, Anti Ulcer, Antioxidant, Anti-Hepatic, Anti-Arthritic, , Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Cancer, Anti-Hypertensive, Immunomodulatory, Wound Healing, Waste Water Treatment” | Chavhan 201414, Obochi et al 201542, Ashwlayan et al 201843 |
20 | Calendula
Officinalis L. |
Asteraceae ⁄ Compositae. | Marigold. | Zendu. | Leaves, Flowers. | Ethanolic Leaves Extract. | Terpenoids , carotenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids and sterols quinines, volatileoil,, amino acids, Coumarins, Quinones, Carbohydrates, Lipids, loliolide (calendin), calendulin and paraffins. | Analgesic, Anti–Diabetic, Anti-Ulcer, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Tumor, Antiviral And Anti-Genotoxic, Anti-Inflammatory. | Ashwlayan et al 201843, Wadekar and Tondre 201517 |
21 | Ageratum
Conyzoides L. |
Asteraceae ⁄ Compositae. | Billygoat-Weed. | Osadi. | Whole Plant. | Ethanol Extract of Whole Plant. | Alkaloids, resins, saponins, tannins, glycosides, flavonoids. kaempferol, quercetin, saponin, scutellarein, eupalestin, chromene, stigmasterol, pyrrolizidinic alkaloids, ageratochromene derivatives, alkane, hexametoxyflavone, Ageconyfavones A, B,
and C. |
Anti Ulcer, Cardiovascular
Activities, Antibacterial And Wound Healing Properties, Analgesic And Anti-Inflammatory Activities, As Well As Antifungal, Antioxidant, And Nematicidal Activities. |
Wadekar and Tondre 201517, Aladdin et al 201744 |
22 | Sphaeranthus
Indicus L |
Asteraceae. | Mundi. | Gorakhmundi/ Godhurli. | Whole Plant. | Ethanol Extracts of Whole Plant. | Terpenoids, flavonoids and steroids, methylchavicol, hentriacontane, sesquiterpene lactone, 2-hydroxycostic acid, sesquiterpen glycoside, sphaeranthanolide, 7- hydroxylated eudesmanolides. | Anti Ulcer, Antimicrobial, Wound Healing, Anti Arthritics, Immuno-stimulant, Immuno-modulatory, Antioxidant Anxiolytic, Neuroleptic, Antifeedant, Piscicidal, Haemolytic, Ovicidal And Larvicidal. | Wadekar and Tondre 201517, Mahajan et al 201545, Jagtap & Mukherjee 201319 |
23 | Xanthium
Strumarium L. |
Asteraceae ⁄ Compositae. | Cepa Caballo. | Vinchu. | Aerial Parts. | Me2CO Extracted by Aerial Parts. | The main compounds in the EO were cis-β-guaiene, borneol, limonene, bornyl acetate, β-cubebene , sabinene , phytol , camphene , β-selinene, α-cubebene, β-caryophyllene , α-pinene and xanthinin. | Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Scolicidal, Anti-Inflammatory, Antidiuretic, Antileishmanial, Anticancer, Antitrypanosomal , Hypo-glycemic, Anthelmintic , Antiulcerogenic. | Wadekar and Tondre 201517, Favier et al 200546, Sharifi et al 201547 |
24 | Helianthus Annuus
L. |
Asteraceae ⁄ Compositae. | Surajmukhi. | Suryaphool. | Seed, Leaves. | Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Leaves. | Carbohydrates, flavanoids, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, saponins, phenolics, phytosterols, triterpenoids and fixed oils.
|
Antiinflammatory, Analgesic, Antiplasmodial, Antimicrobial, Central Nervous, Antidiabetic, Anti-Ulcer, Antidiarrheal, Anti-Obesity, Reproductive, Anticancer, Antihistaminic, Antioxidant, Hepato- , Nephro- And Cardio- Protective. | Wadekar and Tondre 201517, Ali 201848 |
25 | Balanites
Aegyptica.
|
Balanitaceae /
Zygophyllaceae. |
Desert Date. | Hingna. | Leaves, Flowers, Stem Bark, Seed. | Methanolic Extract of Bark. | “Protein, flavonoid, carbohydrate, lipid, alkaloid, saponin, and organic acid furanocoumarin bergapten, dihydrofuranocumarin D- marmesin, quercetin-3-rutinoside;
bergapten, marmesin, beta-sitosterol, and beta-sitosterol glucoside, balanitin-1,-2, and -3, Balanitoside yamogenin”. |
Anthelmintic, Antibacterial, Antivenin, Anticancer, Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic
“Antinociceptive, Antidiabetic, Antiviral Wound Healing, Hypocholesterolemic And Diuretic Activity”, Anti Ulcer. |
Saboo et al 201449, Chavhan 201414
Khonde et al 201615 |
26 | Opuntiaelatior Mill. | Cactaceae | Nagphani | Nagphanimarrha | Stem, Fruit, Phylloclade, Flowers, Thorn, Leaves, Whole Plant. | Ethanolic
Extract of Stem.[50] |
Betanin pigment, flavonoids, total phenolic, carbohydrates, flavonone, tannins, sterols, proteins, pectin, citric acid and vitamin sitosterol, opuntiol and opuntiol acetate. | Antioxidant, Anti-Microbial, Antileukemic, Anti-Ulcer, Haematinic, Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic, Anti-Leukemic. | Khonde et al 201615, Prajapati & Acharya 201650 |
27 | Caesalpinia Bonducella Flem. Syn. C. Bounduc(L.)Roxb., C. Crista L.
|
Caesalpiniaceae. | Nata
Karanja. |
Sagargoti. | Leaves,See. | Methanolic Extract of Leaves. | Bonducin, saponin, starch, sucrose, proteins, “an enzyme, two phytosterols namely sitosterol and heptocosane, fatty acids such as palmitic, stearic, oleic, lignoceric, lonolenic acids. It contains α−, β−, γ−, δ− and ψ− caesalpins, caesalpin-F and amino acids”. | Anti-Inflammatory, Anthelmintic, Antipyretic, Antidiuretic, Anticonvulsant, Antibacterial, Anti-Anaphylactic, Antidiarrheal, Antiviral, Antiestrogenic Antiasthmatic, Antiamoebic, Hepatoprotective & Antiulcer. | Patil et al 201051, Tiwari 201718 |
28 | Cassia Fistula L. | Caesalpiniaceae. | Bahava(Amaltas). | Bahavamarrha. | Leaf, Seed, Bark. | Ethanol Extract of Leaf. | Tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, carbohydrates, Linoleic, Oxyanthra-quinones, Anthraquinones, Sennosides A B, Ceryl Alcohol, Kaempferol, Bianthraquinone Glycosides, Fistulin, Phytol , 2-Hexadecanone. | Hepatoprotective, Anti-Inflammatory, Antitussive, Antifungal, Hypoglycemic, Antiviral, Anticancer, Wounds Healing,Antiulcer, And Antibacterial, Antiulcer. | Ali 201448, Khonde et al 201615 |
29 | Capparis
Zeylanica. |
Capparidiaceae. | Indian
Caper. |
Waghati/Warakli.[ | Root, Bark, Fruits,
Leaves, Fruits, Seeds. |
Ethanol Extract of Root. | Alkaloids, saponins glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, proteins, carbohydrates, phytosterol, acids, mucilage, E-Octadec-7-en-5-yonic acid, fatty acid. | Antifungal, Anti-Inflammatory, Antidiabetic, Antihyperlipidemic, Antioxidant, Anti-Oxidant, Antineoplastic, Anti-Ulcer, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Microbial. | Chavhan 201414, Jagtap & Mukherjee 201319, Mishra & Singh 201153, Vema et al 201754
|
30 | Celastrus
Paniculata. |
Celasteraceae | Malkangani or Jyotishmati. | Dhimarwel | Seed Oil. | Solubilized In 1 Ml of (5%) Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO). | Alkaloids, glycosides, coumarins, tannins, carbohydrates,
fixed oil, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and triterpenoids. sesquiterpene alkaloids celastrine, malkanguniol and paniculatin. |
Sedative and hepnotic, Antidepressant, Diaphoretic, Emetic, Antiulcer, Mosquito Repellent, And Tranquilizing Properties. | Chavhan 201414, Palle et al 201755 |
31 | Anogeissus
Latifolia. |
Combretaceae. | Dhawa. | Dhawda. | Bark. | Hydroalcoholic Extract of Bark. | Flavonoids, triterpenoids like 3-β-hydroxy28-acetyltaraxaren and β-sitosterol, (+)-leucocyanidin. ellagic acids and two new glycosides of ellagic and flavellagic acids gallotannins. | Antioxidant And Hepatoprotective, Antiulcer And Antimicrobial, Wound Healing, Anthelmintic, Gum Exudates, Antimicrobial And Antifungal. | Chavhan 201414, Singh et al 201056 |
32 | Terminalia Bellirica
(Gaertn.) Roxb. |
Combretaceae. | Vibhitaki. | Behada. | Fruit, Bark, Unripe Fruit. | Methanolic Extract of Fruits. | Triterpenoids- belleric acid, β-sitosterol, bellericoside, saponin glycosides, and bellericanin. polyphenols, lignans, and a fixed yellow oil , corilagin and chebulic acid. Fleshy fruit pulp contains tannin. | Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, Anthelmintic, Wound Healing, Antimicrobial, Hepatoprotective, Anti-diarrhoeal, Antiulcer, Antiplatelet, Antit-hrombotic, Anticancer , Cardioprotective, Antihyperlipidemic. | Singh et al 201856, Khonde et al 201615 |
33 | Terminalia Chebula
Retz. |
Combretaceae. | Abhaya. | Hirda. | Fruit, Bark. | Hydroalcoholic
Extract of Fruit. |
“Chebulagic acid, chebulic acid and chebulinic acid, tannic acid, gallic acid, ethyl gallate, ellagic acid, sugar, chebulanin, corilagin terflavin, triterpenoids (chebupentol, terminoic acid, arjugenin), and steroids”. | Laxative, Hypolipidemic, Antioxidant, Hepato-protectant, Antiviral, Antibacterial, Antidiabetes, Anticancerand Antiulcer. | Khonde et al 201615, Sharma et al 201158 |
34 | Operculina Turpethum
(L.)Silva.Manso. |
Convolvulaceae.
|
Transparent
Wood Rose. |
Bhoigongal. | Root, Stem Bark And Leaves. | Hydroalcoholic and Methanolic Extracts of Stem Bark. | Glycoside resin, glycosides
(Scopoletin, turpethinic acid A, B, C, D, and E), triterpenes (betulinic acid, betulin, lupeol), polyhydroxylated indolizidine alkaloid sitosterol |
Antiproliferativ, Anticancer, Antimicrobial, Antidiabetic, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-hepatotoxic, Antidiarrhoeal, Antispasmodic, Anti-bacterial, Antiulcer. | Ignatius et al 201359, Tiwari 201718 |
35 | Cuscuta Reflexa Roxb. | Convolvulaceae,Cuscutaceae. | Adharwel. | Adhrwelmarrha. | Whole Plant. | Alcoholic And Aqueous Crude Extracts. | Carbohydrates, fats, glycosides, fixed oils, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids and sterols. | Expectorant, Carminative, Tonic, Anthelmintic, Antiulcer, Diuretic, Blood Purifier And Lessens Inflammation. | Khonde et al 201615, Prakash et al 201660 |
36 | Coccinia Grandis L.
Voigt. |
Cucurbitaceae. | Tondale. | Tondalemarrha. | Leaves, Stem, Whole Plant. | Ethanolic, Aqueous and total Aqueous Extracts of Leaf. | Resins, alkaloids, Aspartic acid, fatty acids, flavonoids, Glutamic Acid, Asparagine, Tyrosine, Phenylalanine, Histidine, Threonine, Valine, “steroids, tannins, saponins, ellagic acid, phenols, lignans, glycosides, and triterpenoids, Triterpenoid, saponin coccinioside, Flavonoid glycoside ombuin 3-o- arabino furanoside”. | Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, Antidyslipidemic, Antipyretic, Antimicrobial, Hypoglycemic, Antiulcer, Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, Antioxidant, Hepatoprotective, Antitussive, Anticancer, Anti-Nociceptive, Anti-Diabetic, Hypolipidemic, Antibacterial. | Khonde et al 201615, Mathews & Sunny 201961 |
37 | Momordica
Charantia. |
Cucurbitaceae. | Balsam Pear. | Karella. | Fruit, Seeds And Leaves. | Alcohol and Water Extract of Fruit. | Tannins, carbohydrates, terpenoids, sterols, flavonoids, resins, glycosides, saponins, phylobatamins, anthraquinones, amino acids, fatty acids and phenolic compounds. | Antidiabetic, Antiulcer, Neuroprotective, Antimalarial, Anti-Obesogenic, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial,
Anti-Inflammatory, Anticancer. |
de Oliveira et al 201862, Chavhan 201414, Rao et al 201163 |
38 | Citrullus
Colocynthis. |
Cucurbitaceae. | Colocynth. | Indryan. | Root, Stem, Leaf, Fruits, And Seeds. | Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of
Fruits. |
Saponins, carbohydrates, tannins,
glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, essential oils, gums and mucilages. |
Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Anti-Diabetic, Anti Hyperlipidemic, Analgesic, Anti-Ulcer, Anticonvulsant
And Insecticidal. |
Chavhan 201414, Dhakad et al 201764 |
39 | Diospyros
Melanoxylon.
|
Ebenaceae. | Coromandel Ebony. | Tendu. | Leaves. | Hydroalcholic Extract of Leaves. | Alkaloids, carbohydrates,
flavonoids, aminoacids, glycosides, tannins, proteins, steroids, saponins. |
Diabetes, Anaemia,anti-nflammation, Dyspepsia, Diarrhoea, Scabies, Hypotensive and Used As Carminative, Laxative, Diuretic, Astringen, Antiulcer. | Chavhan 201414, Rao et al 201363 |
40 | Phyllanthus
Emblica. |
Euphorbiacea. | Indian
Gooseberry. |
Awala. | Fruit. | Water Extract by Fruit. | Tannins, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins and organic acids. | Anti-Oxidant, Wound Healing, Anti-Inflammatory, Astringent, Antidiarrheal, Anti-Dysenteric, Anti-Scorbutic, Antiulcer. | Chavhan 201414, Pal 201866 |
41 | Ricinus
Communis. |
Euphorbiacea. | Palm of Christ. | Yerandi. | Leaf, Root, Seed. | Seed Oil. | Steroids, saponins, alkaloids- ricinine and Ndemethylricinine,
flavonoids, and glycosides, six flavones: glycosides kaempferol-3-O-β-D-Xylopyranoside. |
Antifertility, Antioxidant,
Antiimplantation, Antinociceptive, Anticancer, Antiulcer, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Antimicrobial, Insecticidal, Antihistaminic, Antiasthmatic. |
Chavhan 201414, Kumar 201767, Tiwari 201718 |
42 | Jatropa
Gossypifolia |
Euphorbiacea. | Ratanjoti. | Chandra Jyoti. | All Parts. | Methanol Extract of Whole Parts. | Jatrophenone, jatrophine, jatropholones A and B (diterpenes), jatrophatrione, cyclogessine A, cyanidin (pentose glycoside), trihydroxy ketone, and diosphenol. | Anti-Ulcer, Anti-Tumor, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Nociceptiv, Piles, Leprosy, Eczema, Carbuncles, Hypotensive, Vasorelaxant, and Antimicrobial Treatment. | Chavhan 201414, Vijayakumar et al 201668 |
43 | Jatropha Curcas L. | Euphorbiacea. | Chandrajyot. | Kadlavimarrha. | Latex, Root, Seed, Stem, Leaves | Methanolic Extract of Leaves. | Diterpeniods, alkaloids, sesquiterpenoids, lignans, phenols, flavonoids, coumarins and cyclic peptides. | Anti-Inflammatory, Anticancer, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Antiviral, Anticoagulant, Antidiabetic, Analgesic And Abortifacient Effects, Hepatoprotective, Antiulcer. | Khonde et al 201615, Abdelgadir & Staden 201369, Jaikumar et al 201070 |
44 | Phyllanthus Urinaria L. | Euphrbiaceae. | Bhuiawla. | Bhuiawlamarrha. | Whole Plant, Fruit, Latex. | Methanolic Extract of Leaves | Flavonoids, lignin, alkaloids,
polyphenols, tannins, terpenoids, coumarins and saponins have been recognized from various parts. |
Antiinflammatory , Analgesic, Gastroprotective,
Anti-Diabetic, Antiulcer, Hepatoproctive, Anti-Malarial and Antispasmodic. |
Khonde et al 201614, Mostofa et al 201771 |
45 | Cassia Tora. | Fabaceae. | Sickle Pod. | Tarota. | Leaf, Seed, Root, Whole Plant. | Hydroalcoholic Extract of Cassia Tora Linn. | Anthraquinone glycosides, Naphthopyrone glycosides, Phenolic compounds, Flavonoids. | Antibacterial, Antioxidant,
Anthelmintic, Antidiabetic, Anticancer, Antiestrogenic, Antigenotoxic, Hypotensive, Antishigellosis, Antiulcer, Hypolipidemic, Anti-Mutagenic, Hepato-protective, Immuno- stimulatory. |
Chavhan 201414, Gulia & Choudhary 201172, Pawar & D’mello 201173, Devhare & Gokhale 2022132 |
46 | Pithocellobium Dulce. | Fabaceae. | Jungal Jalebi. | Chich Bilai. | Bark, Fruit, Seeds, Peel, Tree, Leaves. | Hydroalcoholic Fruit Extract. | The phenols, flavonoids, and saponins, steroid, saponin, lipids, glycosides, phospholipids, glycolipids, and polysaccharides are present. | Adulticidal, Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Hyperlipidemic, Anti-Ulcer, Nephroprotective, Anti-Venom, Anti-Diarrheal, Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Bacterial, Anti-Fungal. | Chavhan 201414, Murugeshan et al 201974 |
47 | Butea
Monosperma |
Fabaceae. | Dhak. | Palas. | Flowers, Seeds, Barks, Fruits, Leaves. | Methanolic Extract of Bark. | Alkaloids, , phenolic compounds, amino acids, glycosides, steroids, “coreopsin, isocoreopsin, sulphurein, butein, butin, isobutrin, monospermoside and isomonospermoside, aurones, chalcones, flavonoids (palasitrin, prunetin)”. | Hepatoprotective, Anti-fertility, Antifilarial, Anti-diabetic, “Anti-convulsant, Antiviral, Anthelmintic, , Anticancer, Antifungal, Antimicrobial, Antiestrogenic, Antiinflammatory, Anti-oxidant, Antiulcer, Anti-diarrhoeal, Osteogenic, Antimycobacterial, and Osteoprotective”. | Chavhan 201414, Tiwari et al 201975 |
48 | Pongamia
Pinnata. |
Fabaceae. | Karanjimarrh. | Karanj. | Seed, Bark, Leaves, Roots, Fruits and Sprouts. | Methanolic
Extrac of Leaves and Methanolic Extract of Roots. |
Flevonide, Sterols, fatty acid, beta-sitosteryl acetate, galactoside,alactoside, sucrose, Karangin, pongamol, pongagalabrone, pongapin, pinnatin, kanjone, pongol. | Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic, Antihyperammonemic, Antinociceptive, Anti-pyretic, Anti-Dyslipidemic, Anti-Convulsant, Anti-ulcer | Chavhan 201414, Pandey et al 201376, Chopade et al 200877, Yadav et al 201178 |
49 | Tephrosia
Purpurea. |
Fabaceae. | Sarapunkha. | Tagrse Fool. | Root, Whole Plant. | Administration of Ethanol and
Aqueous Root Extracts. |
Semiglabrin, rutin, pongamole, lanceolatins A and B, lupeol, and β-sitosterol. Flavonoids. | Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, Antiulcer, Antioxidant, Hepatoprotective, Antiallergic, Antidiabetic,
Antitumor. |
Chavhan 201414, Palbag et al 201479
Despande et al 200380 Sonawane et al 201181 |
50 | Mucuna
Pruriens. |
Fabaceae. | Velvet Bean. | Kachkur. | Seed. | Aqueous Extract of Seed. | Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds. | Antivenom, Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Neuroprotective, Anti-microbial, Antiulcer. | Chavhan 201414, Masand et al 201682 |
51 | Abrus Precatorius L. | Fabaceae. | Gunja. | Gunjamarrha. | Leaves, Stem, Bark, Seed, Root. | Leaves Extract. | Flavonoids(vitexin), Abricin, abrin, abrisin, abrine, abraline, abrasine, abruslectone, abrussic acid, anthocyanins. | Antidiabetic, Antioxidative, Antibacterial, Antiulcer,
Anti-Inflammatory Analgesic Activity. |
Khonde et al 201615, Nagda et al 201983 |
52 | Cajanus Cajan (L). | Fabaceae. | Arhar. | Toor. | Leaves, Seeds, Root. | Ethanolic Leaves Extract. | Flavanoids(Orientin), tannins, pinostrobin, cajaninstilbene acid, vitexin and orientin. | Anti-Inflammatory, Neuroprotective, Antiviral, Antidibetic, Antiulcer , Anti-Plasmodial, Anti-bacterial, Anticancer, Antioxidant, Hepatoprotective. | Khonde et al 201615, Dange 201716, Mansoor et al 201584 |
53 | Vigna Mungo (L.)
Hepper. |
Fabaceae. | Uddachi Dal. | Mung. | Seed, Pulses, Leaves. | Extract of Whole Plant and
Leaves Extract. |
Flavonoids (Robinin,
Kaempferol 3-rutinoside and Kaempferol 7-rhamnoside), saponins, tannins, alkaloids, vitamin C and steroids. |
Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, Hypolipidemic, Antifungal, Immunostimulatory, Anti-microbial, Antiulcer, Anti-osteoarthritic. | Khonde et al 201615, Zaheer et al 202085
Chandolu et al 201886 Usman & Barhate 201187 |
54 | Tamarandus
Indica. |
Fabaceae. | Tamarind. | Chinch. | Seeds, Root, Leaves, Bark And Fruits. | Methanolic
Extrac of Seed. |
Invert sugar, oleic acid, linoleic acid, citric acid, pipecolic acid, vitamin, lupeol, orientin, vitexin, Campesterol, phenylalanine, leucine, potassium, Tannins, saponins, glycosides. | Hypolipidemic, Hepatoprotective, Weight Reducing, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Antiulcer, Anthelmintic, Analgesic & Anti-Inflammatory. | Chavhan 201414, Kalra et al 201188
Zohrameena et al 201789 |
55 | Pterocarpus Marsupium Var. Marsupium Roxb. | Fabaceae. | Bijasal Or Indian Kino. | Biwala. | Flowers, Gum, Bark, Heartwood. | Methanolic
Extract of Pterocarpus Marsupium Heartwood. |
Flavonoid, protein, pentosan, pterosupin, isoliquiritigenin, pseudobaptigenin. erythrodirol-3- monoacetate, liquiritigenin, garbanzol, 5-de-oxykaempferol, marsupol, carpusin, propterol, propterol B, marsupinol. | CNS Activity, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, Antiulcer, Cardiotonic, Antihyperglycemic, Anti-analgesic, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Anti-hyperglycemic. | Jagtap & Mukhergee 201319, Gairola et al 201090, Joshi et al 200491 |
56 | Ocimum
Sanctum. |
Lamiaceae. | Holy Basil. | Tulsi. | Leaves,Flower. | Extract of Leaves. | Phenolics, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenyl propanoids, fatty acid derivatives, fixed oil, essential oil, and steroids. | Anticancer, Anti-Inflammatory, Antiulcer, Antistress, Antioxidant, Antidiabetic and Antileishmanicidal Activities. | Chavhan 201414, Dange 201716, Vaseem et al 201592, Singh & Chaudhari 201893 |
57 | Leucas Aspera. | Lamiaceae. | Thumbai. | Guma. | Leaves. | Methanolic Extract of Leaves. | Triterpenoids, sterols, ursolic acid, 3-sitosterol nicotine, asperphenamate, oleanolic acid, apigenin,
maslinic acid, isololiolide, linifolioside, nectandrin B, macelignan, chrysoeriol, acacetin, apigenin. |
Antioxidant, Anti-Arthritic, Antibacterial, And Anti-Diabetic Activities, Antiulcer. | Chavhan 201414, Augustine et al 201494 |
58 | Vitex Negundo L. | Lamiaceae. | Nilgudi. | Vandamarrha. | Root, Leaves And Bark. | Ethanolic Extract of Leaves. | α-pinene, limonene, Bicyclogermacrene, while the fruit oil contained α-pinene, bicyclogermacrene, limonene.
|
Antiinflammatory, Anti-Ulcer, Anti-Oxidant, And Hepatoprotective. | Khonde et al 201615, Vangoori et al 201395 |
59 | Careya Arborea, Roxb. | Lecythidiacea. | Padmaka. | Kumbhi. | Bark. | Ethanol Extract of Stem Bark. | Taraxerol and sapogenins, hexacosanol, quercetin, ellagic acid, taraxerol, β-sitosterol and α-sitosterol, valoneic acid, dilactone, triterpenoid, ester, careaborin and β-amyrin. | Cytotoxic, Antioxidant,
Gastroprotective, Antileishmenial, Antiulcer, Antidiarrhoeal
|
Tiwari 201718, Kumar et al 201396 |
60 | Bahunia
Reacemosa.
|
Leguminosae / Caesalpiniaceae. | Bauhinia Vahlii. | Apta. | Fruit, Bark, Leaves, Seed, Flower, Buds, Whole Plant. | Methanolic Extract of Flower Buds
& Fruit Powder Of Plant. |
Carbohydrates, alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, tannins, saponins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, protein, oil and fats. | Antifilarial, Abortifacient, Anti-Anxiety, Anthelmintic, Antimalarial, Antimicrobial, Antipyretic, Antihistaminic, Anti-Oxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Antitumor, Antiulcerogenic
Hepatoprotective. |
Chavhan 201414, Azizur et al 201597 |
61 | Allium Sativum. | Liliaceae. | Garlic. | Lasun. | Whole Plant. | Bulb Juice. | Sulfur compounds including allicin, aliin, ajoene, allylpropl, diallyl, trisulfide, sallylcysteine, steroids, vinyldithiines, peptides, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenols. | Anti-Cancer, Antimicrobial, Hepatoprotective, Antihelmentics, Antifungal, Cardiovasculer, Anti- inflammatory, Antioxidant, Anti-Hypertensive, Antiulcer. | Chavhan 201414, Tesfaye & Mengesha 201598, Azamthulla et al 200999 |
62 | Asparagus Racemosus
Willd. Var. Javanica. |
Liliaceae/Asparagaceae. | Satawarmul. | Satavari. | Roots, Leaves, Flowers, Fruits. | Shatavari Root Powder. | Alkaloids, saponins, tannins,
flavonoids, phenolic compounds, shatavarinI, shatavarin II, shatavarin, shatavarin IV, proteins, starch. |
Gastrointestinal, Galactagogue, Anticancer, Immunomodulatory, Cardiovascular, Antioxidant, Antiulcer, Antidiarrhoeal, Antitussive Effect. | Khonde et al 201615, Dhengale et al 2018100 |
63 | Punica Granatum L. | Lythraceae/ Loosestrife | Pomegranate (Anar). | Darim. | Fruit, Barks, Leaves, Flowers and Seed. | Hydroalcohol Fruit Peel Extract. | Ellagic acid, punicic acid, ellagitannins (including punicalagins), flavonoids, anthocyanins, anthocyanidins, and estrogenic flavonols and flavones. | Anticarcinogenic, Anti-oxidant, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Anti-inflammatory, Reproductive, Neuroprotective, Antiulcer, Antiatherogenic, Antiglycemic. | Khonde et al 201615, Garachh et al 2012101, Moghaddam et al 2014102 |
64 | Lawsonia Inermis L. | Lythraceae. | Henna Or Mhendi. | Mehandi. | Root, Stem, Leaf, Flower Pod and Seed. | Ethanolic Extract of Leaf. | “2-Hydro xy-1, 4-napthoquinone, alkaloids, saponins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, tannins and reducing sugars, gallic acid, glucose, mannitol, fat, resin and mucilage”. | “Antiinflammatory, Antipyretic, Antiarthritic, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antiviral, Antimalarial, Antidiabetic, Abortifacient, Antioxidant, Anticancer, Antifertility, Antiulcer, Antitrypanosomal, Anti-sickling, Nematicidal”. | Khonde et al 201615, Ponugoti 2018103 |
65 | Michelia Champaca. | Magnoliaceae. | Sonchampa/ Champaca. | Chamapa. | Bark, Flower, Leaves and Roots. | Aqueous and Alcoholic Extracts of
Flowers and Leaves. |
Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, sterols, triterpenoids, tannins, liriodenine,
michelia-A, parthenolide and guaianolides, methyl anthranilate, methyl linoleate, stigmasterol and 3β-16α- dihydroxy- 5-cholestene-21-al |
Analgesic, Antipyretic, Anti-Inflammatory, Antimicrobial, Antihelmintic, Anticancer, Wound Healing, Antihyperglycemic, Antiulcer, Antioxidant And Antifertility Activities. | Chavhan 201414, Raja & Koduru 2014104 |
66 | Malvastrum
Coromandelianum (L.) Garcke. |
Malvaceae. | Kharenti Or Bala. | Ran-Chikna
(Shendri). |
Leaf, Flower, Leaves, Whole Plant. | Ethanolic Extract of Whole Plan. | Flavonoids, tannins, and glycinebetaine. | Antipyretic, Antiulcer, Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic, Antipyretic, Antibacterial and Anti-nociceptive Activity. | Khonde et al 201615, Balekar et al 2012105 |
67 | Soymida Febrifuga
A.Juss.
|
Meliaceae.
|
Indian Redwood. | Rohan. | Leaf. | Methanolic Extracts of Leaf. | Phenol, Flavanoid, Lupeol, β - Sitosterol, Quercetin, Quercetin-3-O-galactoside, Methyl angolensate, Tetratriterpenoids, Tannins, quinones. | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Activities, Anticancer Activity, Antiplasmodial Activity. Cytotoxic, Antiulcer Activity. | Tiwari 201718, Saravanam et al 2012106 |
68 | Tinospora
Cordifolia.
|
Menispermaceae | Amrita Or Guduchi. | Gulvel. | Whole Plant. | Ethanol and Aqueous Extracts of Whole Plant. | Alkaloids, glycosides, steroids and terpenoids. | Anti-toxin, Antidiabetic, Anticancer, Antioxidant, Immunomodulatory, Antimicrobial, Hepato-Protective, Antiulcer. | Chavhan 201414, Tiwari et al 2018107 |
69 | Acacia
Catechu. |
Mimosaceae | Catechu, Katha. | Khair. | Leaves, Flowers, Root, Seeds, Bark. | Ethanolic and Aqueous Extract
of Roots. |
Flavonoids, tannins, epicatechin gallate, catechin, epigallocatechin, (-) epicatechin, phloroglucin, protocatechuic acid, quercetin, poriferasterol glucosides, lupeol, procyanidin, kaempferol, dihydrokaempferol. | Antidiarrheal, Antioxidant, Antipyretic, Antibacterial, Antileprosy, Antimicrobial, Antifertility, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Chronic Renal Failure, Hepatoprotective. | Chavhan 201414, Alambavan et al 2015108 |
70 | Mimosa
Pudica.
|
Mimosaceae | Lajawanti. | Lajadu. | Leaves, Whole Plant. | Methanol, Chloroform, Diethyl Ether Extract of Leaves. | Alkaloid mimosine, tannins, non- protein amino acid (mimosin), mucilage, flavonoid C- glycosides, sterols, terpenoids, tannins and fatty acids. | Anti – Ulcer, Anti – Inflammatory, Anti-Microbial, Anti – Malaria, Antifungal, Carcinogenic, Anti-Convulsant, Anti-Diarrheal, Antifertility. | Chavhan 201414, Johnson et al 2014109 |
71 | Ficus Racemosa. | Moraceae. | Gular. | Umbar. | Leaves, Bark, Fruits, Latex, All Parts | Ethanolic Extract of Fruit. | Flavonoids, alkaloids, triterpenoids (basically lanosterol), and tannins glucanol, taraxasterol, tiglic acid, lupeol acetate, hydrocarbons, euphol, friedelin, isoeuphorbol. | Antidiabetic, Antifilarial, Antifungal, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Antipyretic, Antibacterial, Antidiarrhoeal, Hypolipidemic, And Hepatoprotection, Antiulcer. | Chavhan 201414, Yadav et al 2015110 |
72 | Ficus
Bengalensis |
Moraceae. | Bargad. | Wad. | Leaves, Root, Seeds, Leaf, And Fruits. | Aqueous Extract of Leaf. | Alkaloids, Carbohydrates, Glycoside, Terpenoids, Saponins, Phenols, Xanthoproteic, Flavonoids, Tannins. | Antioxidant, Anti-Tumor, Anthelmintic, Anti- Antidiarrhoeal, Antidiabetic And Ameliorative, Hypolipidemic, Analgesic & Antipyretic, Antiulcer | Chavhan 201414, Kulshreshtha et al 2011111 |
73 | Ficus Religiosa. | Moraceae. | Arasa Maram. | Pipal. | Root, Leaf. | Ethanolic Extract of Leaf. | tannins, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides alkaloids, and sterols/triterpenes. | Nflammation, Burning Sensation, Analgesic, Anti-Bactrial, Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Oxidant, Antiulcer. | Chavhan 201414, Gregory et al 2013112 |
74 | Moringa Oleifera Lam. | Moringaceae | “Drumstick” or “Horse Radish Tree”. | Shevga | Droot,
Leaves, Fruit, Bark, Seeds, Flowers, All Part. |
Ethanolic Root-Bark Extract. | Carbohydrate, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, proteins and amino acids, cardiac glycoside. | Antitumor, Antipyretic, Antiinflammatory, Antihypertensive, Diuretic, Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, Antispasmodic, Antiulcer, Antifungal and Antibacterial, Activities, | Khonde et al 201615, Choudhary et al 2013113 |
75 | Nelumbo Nucifera L. | Nelumbonaceae. | Kamal. | Kamalmarrha. | Flower, Leaf. | Hydroalcoholic Leaf Extract. | Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phytosterols and saponins. | Antibacterial, Antiulcer, Antisteroids, Antipyretic, Antiviral, Anti-Inflammatory, Diabetes, Restenosis and Atherosclerosis. | Khonde et al 201615, Kishore et al 2017114 |
76 | Biophytam
Sensitivum. |
Oxalidaceae. | Lajjaluka. | Lajari. | Leaves. | Ethanolic
Extract of Leaves. |
Amentoflavone, biapigenin36, proanthocyanidins and
phenolic compounds. |
Hypoglycemic, Antiulcer, Immunomodulatory, Chemo Protective, Apoptotic, Anti-Inflammatory, Cellmediated Immuneresponse, Anti-tumor. | Chavhan 201414, Banerjee et al 2014115 |
77 | Sesamum Indicum L. | Pedaliaceae. | Til. | Tilmarrha. | Seed,Leave. | Ethanolic
Extract of Seed. |
Lignans, sesamolin, sesamin, pinoresinol and lariciresinol.
Sesamol (SES). |
Atherosclerosis, Antiulcer, Hypertension, Wound Healing, Antioxidant, Antiinflammatory. | Khonde et al 201615, Sori et al 2018116 |
78 | Hemidesmus Indicus. | Periplocaceae./ Asclepidiaceae | Ananta And Sariva. | Khobar-Bel. | Root. | Aqueous Ethanolic Extracts of Roots. | Steroids, essential oils,
phytosterols, hemidesterol, saponins, Coumarins, tannic acid, triterpenoid, triterpenoid, flavanoid, saponins. |
Anti Inflammatory, Anti – Microbial, Antioxidant, Anti-ulcerogenic, Anti Hyperlipidemic, Otoprotective, Hepato-protective, Anti-thrombotic, Anti-Carcinogenic. | Chavhan 201414, Aneja et al 2008117 |
79 | Cyanodon
Dactylon. |
Poaceae | Bermuda Grass. | Durva, Harari. [ | Grass,Root, Whole
Plant. |
Alcoholic Extract of Bermuda Grass. | Flavanoids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, proteins, terpenoides, steroids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, phytosterols, reducing sugars, resins, carbohydrates, volatile oils and fixed oils. | Cardiovascular, Anti-diabetic, Gastrointestinal, Antioxidant, Antiallergic, Immunological, Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic, Analgesic, Anticancer, Dermatological, Diuretic, Aniulcer. | Chavhan 201414, Patil et al 2005118 |
80 | Portulaca Oleracea L. | Portulacaceae. | Purslane. | Ghol. | Whole Plant. | Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts. | Flavonoids, fatty acids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, sterols, terpenoids, proteins vitamins and minerals. | Neuroprotective, Antidiabetic, Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, Antiulcerogenic Antioxidant,and Anticancer Activities. | Khonde et al 201615, Zhou et al 2015119, Karimi et al 2004120 |
81 | Manilkara
Hexandra. |
Rubiaceae. | Dubard. | Khirani. | Bark. | Ethyl Acetate Extract of Stem Bark. | Alkaloids, saponin, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds
such as tannins, flavanoids, and lignins. |
Anti–Inflammatory, Antiulcer, Aphrodisiac, Alexipharmic, Anthelmintic, Antibacterial. | Chavhan 201414, Shah et al 2004121 |
82 | Gardenia
Gummifefera. |
Rubiaceae. | Dekamali. | Vidgu. | Whole Plant. | Methanolic Extracts of Whole Plant. | Flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, and
Sterols, terpenes. |
Anthelmintic, Anti-spasmodic, Carminative, Expectorant, Diaphoretic, Anti-epileptic, Peripheral and Central Analgesic, Cardiotonic, Antioxidant, Antiulcer and Antihyperlipidemic. | Chavhan 201414, Sabbani et al 2015122 |
83 | Citrus Limon (L). Burm. F. | Rutaceae. | Lemon | Limbu. | Fruit. | Fruit Juice. | phenolic compounds as well as vitamins, essential oils minerals, dietary fiber, and
carotenoids |
Cancer and as Antidote for Poison and Venom. Hypolipidemic, Antiulcer, Gastric Disorders | Khonde et al 201615, Bhavitavya et al 2012123 |
84 | Sapindus Trifoliatus. | Sapindaceae. | Kusum. | Kusummarrha. | Seed. | Seed Extract. | sugars, saponins, genins, fatty acids, trifoliosides, carbohydrates, phenolic acids, steroids, and tri terpenoids | Spermicidal, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti Cancer, Anthelminthic, Antiulcer Activity | Khonde et al 201615, Jagannadha et al 2012124 |
85 | Schleichera Oleosa (Lour.) Oken. | Sapindaceae. | Kosam. | Kojab. | Bark, Leaves, Fruits, Seed Oil. | Ethanolic Extract of Stem Barks. | Phenolic compounds, fatty acids, tannins, hydroxyl sterols and
Triterpenoids |
Antiinflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Effects | Jagtap & Mukherjee 201319, Goswami & Singh 2017125 |
86 | Madhuca Indica. | Sapotaceae | Indian Butter Tree | Moha. | Leaves, Fruit, Root. | Aqueous Extract of Leaves. | Myricetin, quercetin, myricitrin, triterpenoid and quercitrin, isoflavone, oleanolic acid, β-sitosterol, β-carotene and xanthophylls, erythrodiol | Antiulcer, Rheumatism, Itches, Bleeding, Spongy Gum, Tonsillitis and Diabetes Mellitus | Chavhan 201414, Mohod & Bodhankar 2013126 |
87 | Scoparia Dulcis L. | Scrophulariaceae | Ranmethi/
Ghadtulsh |
Ranmethimarrha. | Aerial Parts, Leaf, Root, Complete Plant. | Water Extract of Whole Aerial Parts. | flavones, steroids, terpenes, “scopadulcic acids A and B, scopadulciol, scopadiol, scoparic acids A–C, scopadulin, and betulinic acid” | Antibacterial, Analgesic,
Antidiabetic, Anti-Inflammatory, Antiviral, Antifungal, Antiherpetic, Antiseptic, Antispasmodic, Cytotoxic, Emmenagogue, Emollient, Pectoral, Expectorant, Refrigerant and Vulnerary, Antiulcer. |
Khonde et al 201615, Babincovaa et al 2008127 |
88 | Smilax Zeylanica.
|
Smilacaceae | Chopachinee | Sehdire. | Leaves And
Roots. |
Hydroalcoholic Extract of Root | Steroidal saponins, phytosterol, starch, sarsapic acid, minerals, diosgenin present. tannin, diosgenin, saponin, heteroside, parillin, potassium nitrate.The saponins on hydrolysis gives sapogenins, sarsasapogenins, aspergenin | Antidiabetic, Anticancer, Anthelmintic, Antioxidant, Antiepileptic, Pesticidal, Hepatoprotective, Antiulcer, Immunomodulatory, Antibacterial and Antarthritic | Tiwari 201718, Sharma et al 2018128 |
89 | Hybanthus Enneaspermus. | Violaceae | Ratanpurus. | Lendoli. | Whole Plant. | Ethanolic Extract of Whole Plant | Aurantiamide acetate, isoaborinol, sitosterol and
Triterpen |
Anti-Inflammatory, Antitussive, Antiplasmodial,
Antimicrobial, Antiulcer, Anti-Convulsant and Freeradical Scavenging Activity. |
Jagtap & Mukherjee 201319, Sahoo et al 2012129 |
90 | Curcuma
Longa. |
Zingiberaceae | Turmeric | Halkand/Halad | Leaves, Root, Rhizome | Methanolic Extract of Leaves | Alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, fixed oils physterols, and fats, saponins, phenolic compounds, tannins, proteins and amino acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenoids,
and sterols |
Anticancer, Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, Hypolipidemic, Antiulcer, Anti-Fertility, Antiinflammatory, Anti-microbial, Anti-Venom, Hepatoprotective,
Nephroprotective. |
Chavhan 201414, Sujane et al 2018130, Chanda & Ramachandra 2019131 |
Phytochemistry of Antiulcer Plants: Ulcer protective effect of some active constituents isolated from herbal drugs Cassia tora, Pithecellobium dulce, Butea monosperma Pongamia pinnata, Tephrosia purpurea, Mucuna pruriens, Abrus precatorius, Cajanus cajan, Vigna mungo, Tamarandus indica, Pterocarpus marsupium var. (Fabaceae family). The phytoconstituents such as Kaempferol, Quercetin, Physcion, Gallic Acid, Ellagic acid, Dulcitol, Butrin, Karangin, Ponganpin, Pongaglabol, Levodopa, Vitexin, Orientin, Apigenin, Luteolin, Robinin, Epicatechin, Liquiritigenin, Liquiritigenin, Isoliquiritin had isolated by several researchers and reported to possess antiulcer properties. The structure is given in Table 3.
TABLE 3: IMPORTANT CHEMICAL STRUCTURES REPORTED OF SOME ANTIULCER COMPONENTS FROM PLANTS
CONCLUSIONS: The present findings are probably the first record of medicinal plants in the Fabaceae of Gadchiroli region of Maharashtra using standard research protocols. A total of 90 plant species under 11 genera of the Fabaceae family have been documented, which are used for treating different diseases. The existing examine can be a initial contribution to the medicinal plant life of this area using trendy research strategies that specialize in medicinal vegetation and their neighborhood uses for healthcare. This healthcare understanding is transmitted orally from one era to generation. These certain facts could be useful for the pharmacognosist, ethnobotanist, botanist, and pharmacologist for the gathering and identity of the plant for their studies work. Findings from the study can even assist the government in providing you with a plan to set up the natural enterprise across the location to improve the economic popularity of the location similarly.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: The authors are grateful to the people of the Gadchiroli region of Maharashtra, India for their co-operation and help at some stage in looking at medicinal flowers.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: Declared None
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How to cite this article:
Devhare LD and Gokhale N: A brief review on: phytochemical and antiulcer properties of plants (Fabaceae family) used by tribal people of Gadchiroli india. Int J Pharm Sci & Res 2023; 14(4): 1572-93. doi: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.14(4).1572-93.
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Article Information
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1572-1593
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English
IJPSR
Lalchand D. Devhare * and Niharika Gokhale
Oriental College of Pharmacy and Research, Oriental University Indore, Sanwer Road, Jakhya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
lalchand.devhare@gmail.com
12 June 2022
02 September 2022
21 September 2022
10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.14(4).1572-93
01 April 2023