A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE TO THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DIABETES MELLITUS & INNOVATIONS IN THE TREATMENT

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high levels of glucose in blood due to non-secretion of insulin or insulin insensitivity. Diabetes mellitus can cause many complications, acute complications include non ketotic hyperosmolar coma and diabetic ketoacidosis. Different types of diabetes mellitus are available – Type 1 diabetes mellitus (hormone dependent diabetes) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent polygenic disorder mellitus) are now recognized as serious global health problem, growing rapidly worldwide and taking its place one of the main theats to human health in the 21st century. In diabetes history gestational diabetes is the major and big problem, approximately 5 to 10 percent all pregnant women in the India is diagnosed as having gestational diabetes. The main indication of diabetes mellitus is a hyperglycemia in blood which due to in appropriate pancreatic insulin secretion or low insulin directed fostering to glucose by target cells. It is silent and affects millions of people in the world. It is estimated that in 2010 there was globally 300 million people suffering from the disease. This number is estimated to 500 million in the absence of better control or cure.