A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY TO ASSESS PREVALENCE OF PRE-DIABETES AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND IT’S ASSOCIATED MODIFIED RISK FACTORS IN RURAL COMMUNITY OF GWALIOR DISTRICT

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder marked by insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and persistent hyperglycaemia. It accounts for over 90% of global diabetes cases and contributes to approximately 9% of global mortality, equating to nearly four million deaths annually. With a rising burden in rural areas, identifying the prevalence and risk factors is crucial for effective public health planning. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of T2DM and its associated risk factors in a rural population aged 30 years and above in Gwalior district, Madhya Pradesh. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st May 2023 to 30th April 2024 in the rural area of Gwalior. A total of 250 individuals aged 30 years and above were enrolled. Data collection included demographic characteristics, lifestyle risk factors, BMI categorization, smoking, and alcohol consumption status. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured to identify diabetes and impaired fasting glucose. Results: The overall prevalence of T2DM was 14.8%, while 20% of participants exhibited impaired fasting glucose. A strong association was found between modifiable risk factors and diabetes prevalence. Among overweight individuals, 18.8% had diabetes and 14.1% had impaired glucose regulation. In the obese category, diabetes prevalence was 30.5%, with 28.8% showing impaired glucose levels. Smokers showed a diabetes prevalence of 25.4%, and 37.3% had impaired glucose. Alcohol consumption was also significantly associated, with 19.5% diabetic and 28.7% showing impaired glucose levels. Conclusion: Targeted screening, lifestyle interventions, and public health policies focusing on weight management, tobacco cessation, and alcohol moderation are essential to curb the growing diabetes burden in rural India.