Pages Menu
ISSN (Online): 0975-8232,
ISSN (Print): 2320-5148

International Journal Of
Pharmaceutical Sciences And Research

IJPSR is indexed with Embase

An International Journal published monthly
An Official Publication of Society of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Categories Menu

A CUMULATIVE REVIEW ON THERAPEUTICFLORAE USED TOTREAT DIABETES MELLITUS

HTML Full Text

A CUMULATIVE REVIEW ON THERAPEUTICFLORAE USED TOTREAT DIABETES MELLITUS

Sree Mahalakshmi Pasumarthy * and Udaya Guttikonda

Department of Pharmacology, Narayana Pharmacy College, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India.

ABSTRACT: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic ailment characterized by clinical manifestations like hyperglycaemia. The development of novel drugs is based on the understand ding of insulin resistance and oxidative damage leading to secondary complications of diabetes such as Retinopathy, Nephropathy etc. In the modern era, there are numerous allopathic drugs available for the treatment of the ailment. Herbs include a variety of chemical components that are responsible for their therapeutic effects, including polyphenols, saponins, terpenoids, alkaloids, sesquiterpenes, and flavonoids. Herbal remedies, which include traditional medicines, have the ability to treat a wide range of disorders. The use of herbs to treat a condition provides extra benefits by targeting the root cause of the disease. They are less expensive, more effective at lower dose frequencies and have less side effects when compared to allopathic medicines. This review includes a wide range of various phytoconstituents derived from different medicinal plants for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Insulin resistance, Blood glucose, Insulin secretagogues, oxidative stress, Phytoconstituents

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition known as hyperglycaemia that is brought on by a rise in blood glucose levels. Blood sugar levels will be higher than they would be under normal circumstances. It is mostly caused by a drop in insulin production or activity in the body. When we ingest foods (carbohydrates, lipids, fats, and proteins), glucose enters our cells and gives us the energy we need for daily activities 1. To provide energy, the blood transports glucose to every single cell. The hormone Insulin is created by pancreatic beta cells and is the final step in the glucose cycle.

Higher blood glucose levels result from inadequate insulin production or improper body utilisation by the pancreas. Medical consequences brought on by the condition include damage to the eyes and nerves, neurological problems, heart problems, and impairments in metabolic function.

Diabetes causes an imbalance between insulin resistance and pancreatic insulin production 2. 9.3% of people in the world today have diabetes. In the years after 2045, it will increase by up to 10.2%. Natural herbs are now crucial in the treatment of many diseases following the pandemic of COVID-19. When compared to allopathic medications, herbal remedies are more cost-effective, have fewer adverse effects, and require less frequent administration. In order to control diabetes, numerous herbs have been mentioned in various literature sources 3. According to ADA, there are three forms of DM 4, 5, 6.

FIG 1: TYPES OF DM

Risk factors involved in Diabetes Mellitus:

FIG 2: RISK FACTORS INVOLVED IN DM

DM is caused by various genetic, metabolic and environmental factors. White individuals living in the USA, the United Kingdom, and Japan are all significantly impacted. Imbalance in genes like GLUT2 (transportation of glucose into pancreas), GCGR (glucagon hormone), ABCC8 (releases insulin), and TCF7L2 (controls glucose release and synthesis) 7. Familial history is another important element because it hereditarily transmits the disease to the healthy individuals. Age, gender, stress, high cholesterol levels, an unhealthy lifestyle, and obesity are other risks 8.

TABLE 1: MEDICINAL FLORAE USED INMANAGING DM

S. no. Vernacular name Botanical name Plant part used Active phytoconstituent Major Findings Reference
1 Custard apple Annona

squamosa

 leaves Proantho-cyanidin

Rutin

Squafosacin

 Enhances homeostasis and glucose secretion. Additionally, the plant raises GLP-1 levels in the blood.  

9
2 Bitter apple

Fox melon

Bitter -

Water melon

 Citrullus

colocynthis

 fruit Cucurbitacin

Elate ricin B

 

 Potent novel insulin promoter to reduce hyperglycaemia by GLUT 4 translocation  

 

10
seed Reduces hyperglycaemia through glycogenolysis and lowering G-6-P levels  

 

11
3 Alanda Ephedra

foeminea

 Aerial

parts

 Limonene

Kaempferol

 The plant's aqueous extract possesses anti-radical properties.  

12
4 Loquat Eriobotrya

japonica

 leaf Naringenin

Procyanidin

Rutin

 Loquat leaf extract in aqueous form is rich in minerals and vitamins and is used to reduce insulin resistance and oxidative stress.  

13
seed The seed's ethanol extract exhibits glucose tolerance properties.  

14
5 Jamun Eugenia

jambolana

 seed Peonidin

Malvidin

Petunidin

Delphinidin

 demonstrates HHK-1 gene-mediated hypoglycaemic inhibition and enhances liver, kidneyfunctioning. Utilised to treat both short-term and long-term conditions.  

 

15,16
6 Danshen

 

 

Gegen

 Salivia miltiorrhiza

+Radix Pueraria lobata

 Whole plant Puerarin

Tanshinone II A

 By lowering oxidative stress, inflammation, and promoting metabolism, the combination of these two herbs is used to treat DM  

17
7 Behund

Thohar

 Euphorbia

nerifolia

 stem Neriifolin

Euphol

Cycloartenol

Neriifoliene

 By enhancing the GLUT 4 transporter, a hydroalcoholic extract of the stem possesses insulin secreting action.  

 

 

 

18
Free radical scavenging activity by inhibiting α-amylase
8 Alfalfa Medicago sativa flower

leaf

 Stachydrine

Myristic acid

Arginine

 The plant's aqueous extract may be able to stimulate the production of insulin from mesenchymal stem cells, which are similar to pancreatic beta cells.  

19
9 Baikal skull cap Scutellaria coptis Whole plant Baicalin

Wogonoside

Coptisine

Berberine

 Regulates intestinal flora and anti-inflammatory activity by interacting with TLR4 20
10 Purple heart Tradescantia

pallida

 leaves Spathulenol

Caryophyllene oxide

α-copaene

β-caryophyllene

 When compared to pure drug extract, Niosomal leaf extract has a stronger anti-diabetic impact, according to an in-vitro glycosylation experiment.  

21
11 Stinging needle Urtica diocia leaves Vitamin B1

Vitamin K

Xanthophylls

Sistosterin

 Reduced insulin resistance and improved lipid metabolism are the effects of leaf extract. 22
Whole plant Along with treating diabetes, the UD extract also lessens neurological side effects including memory loss 23
12 Fenu Greek Trigonella foenum-graecum seed Diosgenin

Coumarin

 

 The functions of many organs, including the pancreas, liver, and kidneys, are demonstrated by seed extract. Both oral and iv administration lower blood glucose levels  

 

 

 

24
13 safflower Carthamus tinctorius Seed oil Carthamin

Guanosine

Cynaroside

Dauccossterol

 In individuals with metabolic disorders, seed oil extract was utilised to reduce insulin resistance  

 

25
14 Hing Ferula assafoetida Oleo gum resin (Z)-β-ocimene

β-pinene

 Encouraging the development of β-cells in the pancreas, lowering oxidative stress and insulin resistance. Also used to treat chronic DM  

 

 

26
15 Bael

Indian quince

 Aegle marmelos correa Stem bark Aegeline

Imperatorin

Citral

Lupeol

 The plant's stem, bark contains UFG and lowers blood sugar and oxidative stress. In the long run, UBD is a powerful chemical to treat diabetes  

 

 

27
16 Coriander Coriandrum sativum seed Linalool

Limonene

Γ-terpinene

α-pinene

 Hyperglycaemia can be treated using seed extract, which also functions as an insulin secretor  

 

28
17 Mulberry Morus alba fruit Caffeic acid

Gallic acid

Vanillic acid

 In an RCT, mulberry demonstrates its capacity to regulate blood sugar and insulin levels before dawn  

 

29
18 Okra Abelmoschus esculentus Edible pod Myricetin

3-O-gentiobioside

 Fibres present in okra are responsible for slow absorption of glucose in GIT. It is not advised to use this vegetable and allopathic drugs at the same time  

 

30
19 Gum Arabic tree Acacia nilotica Pods

Leaf

Bark

 Ellagic acid

Kaempferol

Quercetin

 The effects of diabetes are lessened by the leaf extract  

31
20 Giloy Tinospora sinensis Stem Berberine

Caffeic acid

Myricetin

Ferulic acid

 The stem extract is protective against diabetes by reducing chemical mediators and free radicals  

 

32
21 Red onion Allium cepa Whole plant Allicin

Fisetin

Quercetin

Alliinase

 It is utilised as a food supplement to lower blood sugar levels 33
22 Barberry Berberies vulgaris Root

Bark

 

 Berberine

Oxyacanthine

Berbamine

Palmatine

 Reduced triglyceride and cholesterol levels, controls body weight 34
23 Red silk cotton tree Bombax ceiba flower Rutin

Resveratrol

Baicalein

Hesperetin

 Flower extract aids in removing free radicals from the body. For the treatment, receptors and DNA are targeted 35
24 Pirampu Calamus rotang leaves α-asarone

β-asarone

Acoradin

Galangin

Eugenol

 HbA1C, LDL, VLDL, and blood sugar levels are all reduced by ethanol leaf extract  

 

36
25 Peri

winkle

 Catharanthus

roseus

 Leaves Vinblastine

Vincristine

Ajmalicine

Catharanthine

Vindoline

 Through the GLUT 2 and 4 genes, the leaf juice extract has an effect on insulin secretion similar to that of the pancreas.  

 

37
26 Sweet lemon Citrus limetta Fruit peel Hesperidin

Naringin

Limonene

Γ-terpinene

 Reduces oxidative stress, demonstrating anti-diabetic effects  

38
27 Yam Dioscorea alata Tuber Rosmarinic acid Low GI. It functions by a number of mechanisms, including reducing hyperglycaemia, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction 39
28 Amla Emblica officinalis Fruit Rutin

Quercetin

Catechol

Gallic acid

Ellagic acid

 Amla chelates arsenic and reduces ROS and cytokines 40
29 Fig tree Ficus glomerata leaf Glauanol

Sitosterol

Tiglic acid

 Restores uric acid, creatinine, cholesterol levels and also hyperalgesia  

 

41
30 Coffee plum Flacourtia

jangomas

 Leaves

stem

 Limolin

Jangomolide

 Enhances a number of chemical characteristics 42
31 Garuga Garuga pinnata bark Garuganin Haemoglobin, blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides are all reduced by extract 43
32 Bruhati Solanum

indicum

 fruit Solasodine

Solasonine

Solamargine

 Demonstrates glucose tolerance and acts as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hyperglycaemic 44
33 Soya bean Glycine max Leaf Genistein

Glycitin

 Unsaturated fatty acids present in soya promotes blood glucose levels and also regulates Insulin resistance 45
34 Indian turnsole Heliotropium indicum Whole

plant

 Indicine

Echinitine

Supinene

 Improves blood glucose levels in the circulation 46
35 Shoe flower/

Chinese hibiscus

 Hibiscus rosasinensis flower Orientin

Quercetin

β-sitosterol

 Used to treat acute and subacute phases of hyperglycemia  

47
36 Cogon grass Imperata

cylindrical

 rhizome Arundoin

Cylindrin

Simiarenol

 Reduces the amount of LDL, cholesterol, and related adverse effects  

 

48
37 Sweet potato Ipomoea batatas peel Citrusinine

Chlorogenic acid

 

 The sweet potato's peel includes a number of active constituents that are thought to have anti-diabetic properties  

 

49
38 Physic nut Jatropha curcas root Γ-cadinene

α-epicadinol

Pulegone

 Improves parameters such as RBC, WBC, PCV, lymphocytes, neutrophils  

50
39 Miracle leaf Kalanchoe

pinnata

 leaves Bryophillin A In the early stages of the condition, it is used as an anti-diabetic 51
40 Henna Lawsonia

inermis

 leaf Lawsone The plant contains beneficial components that can be used to treat diabetes, such as polyphenols  

 

52
41 Mango Mangifera

indica

 leaves Mangiferin

β-carotene

Campesterol

 The leaf's phenolic chemicals have an anti-hyperglycaemic action  

 

53
42 Banana Musa paradisiaca Leaves

Fruit

peel

 Phytol

Vitamin.E

Β-sitosterol

Stigmasterol

Hexa-decenoic acid

 lowers IL-6 and TNF-α levels. Increases PPAR-ϒ and GLUT-4 levels  

 

54
43 Black cumin Nigella sativa Seed oil Nigellicimine

Allo-oceminol

 Shows hypoglycaemic effect with a daily intake of 1.5–3 ml of seed oil  

55
44 Creeping wood sorell Oxalis corniculata leaves Isovitexine The disease is treated by increasing the extract's dose and exposure  

56
45 Piyasal Pterocarpus

marsupium

 Heart wood Pterostilbene

Epicatechin

Pterosupin

 lowers the levels of the inflammatory mediators- TNF-α and IL-6  

 

57
46 Tulsi Ocimum

sanctum

 leaves Eugenol

β-bisabolen

Elemene

Estragole

Borneol

 It reduces blood glucose levels when given at a dose of 2gm/kg. Additionally, leaves have the ability to scavenge radicals (superoxide, hydroxyl)  

 

 

58
47 Cardamom Elettaria cardamomum Whole

spice

 1,8-cineole

α-terpinyl acetate

Sabinene

β-linalool

 Cardamom supplementation in T2DM patients reduces oxidative stress and hyperglycemia.  

 

 

59
48 Gurmar/

Podaparthi

 Gymnema

sylvestre

 leaves Gymnemic acids

α, β - chlorophylls

 Stimulates the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. preventing the stomach from absorbing glucose  

 

 

60
49 Ginseng Panax ginseng roots Ginsenoside

Dammarane

 

 According to research conducted in vitro and in vivo, the ginsenosides found in plant roots have anti-diabetic properties  

 

 

61
50 Bhuinamla Phyllanthus

simplex

 Whole

plant

 Vanillin

β-dauccossterol

Rutin

 Since it lowers oxidative stress, it has potential for reducing secondary complications of DM  

 

62
51 Mountain knot grass Aerva lanata leaves Ervine

Aervoside

Kaempferol

Quercetin

 As an anti-diabetic drug, the phenolic component of leaves inhibits the actions of α-glucosidase and α-amylase.  

 

 

63
52 Garden sage Salvia

officinalis

 leaves Thujone

Eucalyptol

Caryophyllene

 Used as a dietary additive to safeguard pancreatic β-cells  

 

64
53 Common

Chick weed

 Stellaria media Whole

herb

 β-carotene

Genistein

Coumarin

 The herbal tea derived from the plant is thought to function as an anti-diabetic drug via the STAT-3 pathway  

 

 

65
54 Tamarind Tamarindus

indica

 Fruit pulp β-amyrin

Compesterol

β-sitosterol

 It has good inhibitory activity against α-amylase & α-glucosidase and also regulates the negative consequences of diabetes.  

 

 

66
55 Arjun tree Terminalia arjuna Stem bark Arjunic acid

Arjungenin

Luteolin

Pellargonidin

 lowers the amounts of the enzymes needed to absorb glucose, such as hexokinase, G-6-P, and F-6-P  

 

 

67
56 Black gram Vinga mungo seeds Carbohydrate

Proteins

Minerals

Vitamins

 Regulates the activity of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and GPx  

 

68
57 Aswagnadha Withania somnifera Root

leaf

 Withanolide

Withaferin A

Viscosalactone B

 Maintains the levels of substances including lipids, ASP, ALT, G-6-P  

 

69
58 Ginger Zingiber

officinale

 rhizome Gingerol

Zingerone

Shogaol

Citral

 Ginger juice improves metabolism and lowers triglyceride and cholesterol levels  

 

 

70
59 Indian

Sundarban

mangrove

 Rhizospora

mucronata

 leaves Rhizophorin – A

Phomo-xanthone

Lupeol

Coumarin

Β-sitosterol

 Improves the body's metabolism to treat diabetic individuals 71

 
60 Devil’s cotton Abroma

augusta

 leaves A bromine

Abromasterol

Digitonide

 The extract is employed as a preventive diabetic medication  

 

72

Based on the condition, the following are some of the ways it works as an anti-diabetic agent:

  • Insulin secretors and releasers.
  • Insulin mimetic substances.
  • Enhances metabolism.
  • Blocks the action of the enzymessuch as α-glucosidase and α-amylase.
  • Lowers the levels of chemical indicators including cholesterol, triglycerides, AST, ALT, ACP.
  • Pancreatic stimulators for the release of insulin.
  • Supplementation of kitchen spices in case of emergency purpose.
  • Radical scavenging activity.
  • Lowers the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 (anti-inflammatory).
  • Decreases the absorption of glucose from pancreas.
  • Enhances serum parameters such as RBC, WBC, lymphocytes, neutrophils.
  • Low glucose index to act as an anti-hyperglycaemic.

Future Prospects for Diabetes Mellitus Treatment: Traditional medical practices including Ayurveda, Homoeopathy, Siddha, and Unani offer a wide range of florae for treating various ailments around the world. Plants have gained significant relevance since Covid-19 and people are increasingly turning to natural remedies for positive effects. The therapeutic efficacy of plants is attributed to the presence of a variety of active phytoconstituents, including alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, polyphenols, triterpenes, and sesquiterpenes. We discovered the future targets for the therapy of diabetes, which is to improve insulin resistance, by studying all the mechanisms, applications, and pathophysiology of the illness. As a result, drugs derived from either chemicals or plants ought to be able to lessen the resistance to insulin. Insilco studies on various anti-diabetic phytoconstituents are in progress.

CONCLUSION: In inference, diabetes is the most prevalent illness in the modern world. Various applications of medicinal plants for the treatment of diabetes are explained in this cumulative review.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST: No Conflict of interest

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: Thanks to Narayana Pharmacy College, Nellore, A.P, India.

REFERENCES:

  1. Rohan Verma: Introduction to Diabetes. Diabetes Management 2022.
  2. Muzeeb Z. Banday, Aga S. Sameer and Saniya Nissar: Pathophysiology of diabetes: An overview. Avicenna Journal of Medicine 2020; 10: 174-188.
  3. Haikael D. Martin, Rose Kasole and Judith Kimiywe: Traditional Medicine and its role in the management of Diabetes Mellitus: “patients and herbalist’s perspectives”. Evidence-based complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019.
  4. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis & Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes care 2019; 37: 81-90.
  5. Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, Malanda B, Karuranga S, Unwin N, Colagiuri S, Guariguata L, Motala AA, Ogurtsova K, Shaw JE, Bright D and Williams R: IDF Diabetes Atlas Committee. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 157: 107843
  6. Is Type 2 diabetes genetic. Health line 2023.
  7. Unai Galicia – Gracia, Asier Benito-Vicente, Shifa Jebari, Asier Larrea-Sebal, Haziq Siddiqi and Kepa B: Uribe, Helena Ostolaza, Cesar Martin: Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020; 21: 6275.
  8. Amit Sapra and Priyanka Bhandari: Diabetes. Stat Pearls 2023.
  9. Ansari P, Hannan JMA, Seidel V and Abdel-Wahab YHA: Polyphenol-Rich Leaf of Annona squamosaStimulates Insulin Release from BRIN-BD11 Cells and Isolated Mouse Islets, reduces (CH2O)n Digestion and Absorption, and Improves Glucose Tolerance and GLP-1 (7-36) Levels in High-Fat-Fed Rats Metabolites 2022; 12: 995.
  10. Drissi F, Lahfa F, Gonzalez T, Peiretti F, Tanti JF, Haddad M, Fabre N and Govers R: A Citrullus colocynthis fruit extract acutely enhances insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake in adipocytes by increasing PKB phosphorylation. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2021; 270: 113772.
  11. Arezoo Afshari, Fouzieh Salimi, Azin Nowrouzi, Masoumeh Babaie Khalili, Salar Bakhtiyari, Gholameza Hassanzadeh, Maryam Shabani, Ali Ahadi and Masoumeh Farhadinnezhad: Differential expression of gluconeogenic enzymes in early and late stage diabetes: the effect of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) schard. Seed extract on hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in Wistar-Albino rat’s model. Clinical Phyto Science 2021.
  12. Hajleh MNA, Khleifat KM, Alqaraleh M, Al-Hraishat E, Al-Limoun MO, Qaralleh H and Al-Dujaili EAS: Antioxidant and Antihyperglycemic Effects of Ephedra foemineaAqueous Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14: 2338.
  13. Khouya T, Ramchoun M, Elbouny H, Hmidani A, Bouhlali EDT and Alem C: Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb) Lindl.): Evaluation of nutritional value, polyphenol composition, antidiabetic effect, and toxicity of leaf aqueous extract. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2022; 296: 115473.
  14. Liu Y, Zhang W, Xu C and Li X: Biological Activities of Extracts from Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica): A Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2016; 17(12): 1983.
  15. Vora A, Varghese A, Kachwala Y, Bhaskar M, Laddha A, Jamal A and Yadav P: Eugenia jambolana extract reduces the systematic exposure of sitagliptin and improves conditions associated with diabetes: A pharmacokinetic and a pharmacodynamic herb-interaction study. Journal of Traditional Complementary Medicine 2018; 9: 364-71.
  16. Kishalay Jana, Tushar Kanti Bera, Debidas Ghosh: Anti diabetic effects of Eugenia jambolana in the streptozotocin induced diabetic male albino rat. Biomarkers and Genomic Medicine 2015; 7: 116-124.
  17. Wanlin Niu, Junjie Miao, Xuejia Li. Qian Guo, Zujun Deng and Lirong Wu: Metabolomics combined with systematic pharmacology reveals the therapeutic effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Radix Pueraria lobata herb pair on type 2 diabetic rats. Journal of Functional Foods 2022; 89: 104950.
  18. Sushma Devi, Navneet Kaur, Manish Kumar, Praveen Kumar: In-vitro and In-vivo evaluation of anti-diabetic potential of Euphoria nerifolia in streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats and its in-vitro anti-oxidant studies. Food Chemistry Advances 2023; 100199.
  19. Mansourzadeh S, Esmaeili F, Shabani L and Gharibi S: Trans-differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells into pancreatic β-like cells by a traditional anti-diabetic medicinal herb Medicago sativa Journal of Traditional Complementary Medicine 2022; 12: 466-476.
  20. Chang-hua Zhang, Jun-Qing Sheng, Surendra Sarsaiya, Fu-xing Shu, Tong-tong Liu, Xiu-ying Tu, Guang-qiang Ma, GuoLiang Xu, Hong-xiang Zheng and Li fen Zhou: The anti-diabetic activities, gut microbiota composition, the anti-inflammatory effects of Scutellaria-coptis herb couple against insulin resistance – model of diabetes involving the toll-like receptor 4 signalling pathway. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2019; 237: 202-214.
  21. Fariha Imtiaz, Muhammad Islam, Hamid Saeed, Arbar Ahmed, Maryam Asghar, Bushra Saleem, Muhammad Asim Farooq, Daulat Haleem Khan and Leena: peltonen: Novel phytoniosomes formulation of Tradescantia pallida leaves attenuates diabetes more effectively than pure extract. Journal of Drug Delivery Science & Technology 2023; 83: 104399.
  22. Akram Ahangarpour, Maryam Mohammadian and Mahin Dainat: Anti Diabetic effect of hydroalcoholic Urtica diocia leaf extract in male rats with fructose induced insulin resistance. Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences 2012; 37: 181-186.
  23. Maryam Keshvari, Masoud Rahmati, Rahim Mirnasouri and Farzaneh: Effects of endurance exercise and Utrica diocia on the functional, histological and molecular aspects of the hippocampus in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2021; 258: 112801.
  24. Marine E. Baset, Tasneem I. Ali, Hanan Elshamy, Ahmed M. El Sadek, Diana G. Sami, Marwa T. Badawy, Saras. Abou-Zekry Hana H. Heiba, Mona K. Saadeldin and Ahmed Abderlatif: Anti-diabetic effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum): A comparison between oral and intraperitoneal administration – an animal study. International Journal of Functional Nutrition 2020.
  25. Maede Ruyvaran, Alizamani, Alireza Mohamadian, Mohammed M. Zarshenas and Majid Nimrouzi: Safflower (carathamus tinctorius L.) oil could improve abdominal obesity, blood pressure and insulin resistance in patients with metabolic syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2022; 282: 114590.
  26. Latifi E, Mohammadpour AA, Fathi Hafshejani B and Nourani H: Ferulesasafoetida oleo gum resin ethanolic extract alleviated the pancreatic changes and antioxidant status in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: A biochemical, histopathological, and ultrastructural study. Journal of Food Biochemistry 2022; 46: 14191.
  27. Vikas Kumar, Danish Ahmed, Amita Verma, Firoz Anwar, Mohammad Ali and Mohd Muzeeb: Umbelliferone β-o-galactopyranoside from Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. An ethnomedicinal plant with anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-oxidative activity. BMC Complement Alternative Medicine 2013.
  28. Das S, Chaware S, Narkar N, Tilak AV, Raveendran S & Rane P: Antidiabetic activity of Coriandrum sativum in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 2019; 8(5): 925–929.
  29. Hye In Jeong, Soobin Jang and Kyeong Hankim: Morus alba L. for blood sugar management: A systematic and meta-analysis. Plant-Derived Bioactive compounds as an anti-diabetic agent 2022.
  30. Haque MA, Hossain MS, Sayed NMA, Islam MT, Khan MR, Ahmmed F, Zohora FT, Agagunduz D, Ming LC and Capasso R: Abelmoschus esculentus(L.) Moench Pod Extract Revealed Antagonistic Effect against the Synergistic Antidiabetic Activity of Metformin and Acarbose upon Concomitant Administration in Glucose-Induced Hyperglycaemic Mice Biologics 2022; 2: 128-138.
  31. Manas Ranjan Saha, Priyankar Dey, Indrani Sarkar, Dilip De Sarker, Biswajit Haldar, Tapas Kumar Chaudhuri and Arnab Sen: Acacia nilotica leaf improves insulin resistance and hyperglycemia associated acute hepatic injury and nephrotoxicity by improving systemic antioxidant status in diabetic mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2018; 210: 275-286.
  32. Anindita Banerjee, Siddhartha Singh, Shilpi Kumari Prasad, Sourav Kumar, Oly Banerjee, Tapan Seal, Sandip Mukherjee and Bithin Kumar Maji: Protective efficacy of Tinospora sinensis against streptozotocin induced pancreatic islet cell injuries of diabetic rats and its correlation to its phytochemical profiles. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2020; 248: 112356.
  33. Masood S, Rehman AU and Bashir S: Investigation of the anti-hyperglycaemic and antioxidant effects of wheat bread supplemented with onion peel extract and onion powder in diabetic rats. Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders 2021;20: 485–495.
  34. Hemmati M, Serki E and Gholami M: Effects of an ethanolic extract of Berberis vulgarisfruits on hyperglycaemia and related gene expression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.  International Journal of Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry 2017.
  35. Yin K, Yang J, Wang F, Wang Z, Xiang P, Xie X, Sun J, He X and Zhang X: A preliminary study of the chemical composition and bioactivity of Bombax ceiba flower and its potential mechanism in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-flight mass spectrometry and network pharmacology analysis. Frontiers Nutrition 2022; 9: 1018733.
  36. Kumar KV, Lalitha KG and Kumar RS: Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Calamus rotangL leaves (Arecaceae) in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide Induced Diabetic Model. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2021; 20: 80–87.
  37. Al-Shaqha WM, Khan M and Salam N:Anti-diabetic potential of Catharanthus roseus and its effect on the glucose transport gene (GLUT-2 and GLUT-4) in streptozotocin induced diabetic wistar rats. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015; 15.
  38. Lu K and Yip YM: Therapeutic Potential of Bioactive Flavonoids from Citrus fruit Peels toward Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus. Future Pharmacology 2023; 3(1): 14-37.
  39. Sri Nabawiyathi Nurul Makiyah, Masaki Kita, Ika Setyawati and Sri Tasminatun: Dioscorea alata L. Tubers improve diabetes through Anti-Hyperglycaemia, Anti-Inflammation, Ameliorate Insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction. Indonesian Biomedical Journal 2022; 14: 365-75.
  40. Singh MK, Dwivedi S, Yadav SS, Yadav RS and Khattri S: Anti-diabetic Effect of Emblica-officinalis(Amla) Against Arsenic Induced Metabolic Disorder in Mice. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry 2020; 35: 179-187.
  41. Shaikh A, Ibrahim M and Khan M: Effect of Ficus glomerataleaf extract in streptozotocin-induced early diabetic complications and its characterization by LC-MS. EXCLI Journal 2020; 19: 33-47.
  42. Singh AK and Singh J: Evaluation of anti-diabetic potential of leaves and stem of Flacourtia jangomas in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Indian Journal of Pharmacology 2010; 42: 301-305.
  43. Shirwaikar A, Rajendran K and Barik R: Effect of aqueous bark extract of Garuga pinnata Roxb. in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type-II diabetes mellitus. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2006; 107: 285-290.
  44. Gadewar MM, GK, P. Mishra, P.C. Ashraf, G.M. Almashjary, M.N. Harakeh, S. Upadhye, V. Dey, A. Singh, P. Jha NKL and Jha SK: Evaluation of Antidiabetic, Antioxidant and Anti-Hyperlipidemic Effects of Solanum indicumFruit Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Current Issues in Molecular Biology 2023; 45: 903-917.
  45. Choi MS, Ryu R, Seo YR, Jeong TS, Shin DH, Park YB, Kim SR and Jung UJ: The beneficial effect of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) leaf extracts in adults with prediabetes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Food & Functional Journal 2014; 5: 1621-1630.
  46. Subhan Ali Mohammad, Shaik Abdul Nabi, Saritha Marella, Krishna Tilak Thandaiah, Malaka Venkateshwarulu Jyothi Kumar and Chippada Appa Rao: Phytochemical screening and antihyperglycemic activity of Heliotropium indicum whole plant in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 2014; 4:065-071.
  47. Luana Alves Freitas Afiune, Thaís Leal-Silva, Yuri Karen Sinzato and Rafaianne Queiroz Moraes-Souza: Beneficial effects of Rosa sinensis flower aqueous extract in pregnant rats with Diabetes. PLOS ONE 2017.
  48. Ranjana Kohli, Madan L Kaushik, Jai Parkash Kaidan and Bhupendra Chauhan: Anti diabetic activity of rhizome extracts of Imperata cylindrical against alloxan – induced Diabetes Mellitus in rats. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 2020; 11: 2704-2709.
  49. Akhtar N, Akram M, Daniyal M and Ahmad S: Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Ipomoea batatas L. extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. International Journal of Immunopathological Pharmacology 2018; 32: 2058738418814678.
  50. Aladodo RA, Muhammad NO & Balogun EA: Effects of Aqueous Root Extract of Jatropha curcas on Hyperglycaemic and Haematological Indices in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats. Fountain Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 2013; 2(1): 52-58.
  51. Ana L. Aguero-Hernández, Catalina Rosales-Lopez, Cristina Herrera, Andres Vargas-Picado and Rodrigo Munozand Ana Abdelnour-Esquivel: Hypoglycemic effect of Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam) Pers. Leaf Extract. Pharmacognosy Journal 2020; 12: 557-561.
  52. Widyawati T, Pane YS and Yusoff NA: Effect of Lawsonia inermis Linn. Extracts on Blood Glucose Level in Normal and Streptozotocin – Induced Diabetic Rats. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 2019; 18: 671-676.
  53. Villas Boas GR, Rodrigues Lemos JM, de Oliveira MW, Dos Santos RC, Stefanello da Silveira AP, Barbieri Bacha F, Ito CNA, Bortolotte Cornelius E, Brioli Lima F, Sachilarid Rodrigues AM, Belmal Costa N, Francisco Bittencourt F, Freitas de Lima F, Meirelles Paes M, Gubert P and Oesterreich SA: Aqueous extract from Mangifera indica Linn. (Anacardiaceae) leaves exerts long-term hypoglycemic effect, increases insulin sensitivity and plasma insulin levels on diabetic Wistar rats. PLoS One 2020; 15: 0227105.
  54. Abdel Aziz SM, Ahmed OM, Abd El-Twab SM, Al-Muzafar HM, Amin KA and Abdel-Gabbar M: Antihyperglycemic Effects and Mode of Actions of Musa paradisiacaLeaf and Fruit Peel Hydroethanolic Extracts in Nicotinamide/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020; 9276343.
  55. Rachman PNR and Akrom E Darmawan: The efficacy of black cumin seed (Nigella sativa) oil and hypoglycemic drug combination to reduce HbA1c level in patients with metabolic syndrome risk. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2017; 259: 012018.
  56. Dutta A, Lahkar M & Handique C: Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Oxalis corniculata in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 2017; 5: 2178–2183.
  57. Dhayaney Vijayan and Sibi G: Pterocarpus marsupium for the Treatment of Diabetes and Disorders. Journal of Complementary Science and Alternative Health Care 2019; 9(1): 555754
  58. Raiya Adiba Antora and Rabeta Mohd Salleh: Antihyperglycemic effect of Ocimum plants: A short review Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017; 7(8): 755-759,
  59. Aghasi M, Ghazi-Zahedi S, Koohdani F, Siassi F, Nasli-Esfahani E, Keshavarz A, Qorbani M, Khoshamal H, Salari-Moghaddam A and Sotoudeh G: The effects of green cardamom supplementation on blood glucose, lipids profile, oxidative stress, sirtuin-1 and iris in in type 2 diabetic patients: a study protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018; 18: 18.
  60. Sejal M. Karwa, Dattaprasad N. Vikhe and Ravindra S. Jadhav: A Review on Phytochemical Investigation of Gymnema sylvestre Research Journal of Science and Technology 2022; 14(4): 261-8.
  61. Chen W, Balan P and Popovich DG: Review of Ginseng Anti-Diabetic Studies. Molecules 2019; 24(24): 4501.
  62. Shabeer J, Srivastava RS and Singh SK: Antidiabetic and antioxidant effect of various fractions of Phyllanthus simplex in alloxan diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2009; 124: 34-38.
  63. Akanji MA, Olukolu SO and Kazeem MI: Leaf Extracts of Aerva lanataInhibit the Activities of Type 2 Diabetes-Related Enzymes and Possess Antioxidant Properties. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2018; 2018: 3439048.
  64. Askhani-Esfahani S, Noorafshan A, Ebrahimi A, Bahmani – Jahromi M and Imaneih M: Salvia officinalis protects pancreatic beta cells against streptozotocin – induced damage; A Stereological study. Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products 2021; 17(1): 109906.
  65. Demjan V, Soja A, Kiss T, Fejes A, Gausz FD, Szucs G, Siska A, Foldesi I, Tengolics R, Darula Z, Csupor D, Pipicz M and Csont T: Stellaria mediatea protects against diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction in rats without affecting glucose tolerance. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine 2021; 12: 250-259.
  66. Krishna RN, Anitha R and Ezhilarasan D: Aqueous extract of Tamarindus indicafruit pulp exhibits antihyperglycaemic activity. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine 2020; 10: 440-447.
  67. Thomson HAJ, Ojo OO, Flatt PR and Abdel-Wahab YHA: Aqueous Bark Extracts of Terminalia Arjuna Stimulates Insulin Release, Enhances Insulin Action and Inhibits Starch Digestion and Protein Glycation in-vitro. Austin J Endocrinol Diabetes 2014; 1(1): 1001.
  68. Mthiyane FT, Dludla PV, Ziqubu K, Mthembu SXH, Muvhulawa N, Hlengwa N, Nkambule BB and Mazibuko-Mbeje SE: A Review on the Antidiabetic Properties of Moringa oleiferaExtracts: Focusing on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation as Main Therapeutic Targets. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13: 940572.
  69. Shah RA, Khan S, Vakil M and Quereshi MT: Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic potential of Withania Somnifera by Glucose uptake assay on 3T3 F442A Fibroblast (Adipocyte cells). International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 2017; 8(1): 120-25.
  70. Nurinda E, Kusumawardani N, Wulandari AS, Fatmawati A, Emelda E, Nisa H, Hasan NA, Iriyanti WF, Rohmah M, Lestari P and Aprilia V: Pharmacological Study: Synergistic Antidiabetic Activity of Cinnamon Bark and Zingiber Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022; 10(8): 1-6.
  71. Sachithanandam V, Lalitha P, Parthiban A, Mageswaran T, Manmadhan K and Sridhar RA: Review on Antidiabetic Properties of Indian Mangrove Plants with Reference to Island Ecosystem. Evidence Based Complementary Alternative Medicine 2019; 5: 430514.
  72. Khanra R, Dewanjee S, K Dua T, Sahu R, Gangopadhyay M, De Feo V and Zia-Ul-Haq M: Abroma augusta (Malvaceae) leaf extract attenuates diabetes induced nephropathy and cardiomyopathy via inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Journal of Translational Medicine 2015.

    How to cite this article:

    Pasumarthy SM and Guttikonda U: A cumulative review on therapeutic florae used to treat diabetes mellitus. Int J Pharm Sci & Res 2024; 15(3): 626-35. doi: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.15(3).626-35.

    All © 2024 are reserved by International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. This Journal licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.

Article Information

2

626-635

642 KB

489

0

English

IJPSR

Sree Mahalakshmi Pasumarthy * and Udaya Guttikonda

Department of Pharmacology, Narayana Pharmacy College, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India.

pasumarthysreemahalakshmi3@gmail.com

06 June 2023

25 October 2023

23 November 2023

10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.15(3).626-35

01 March 2023

Download