A DIETRY GUIDE TO PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF OSTEOPOROSIS

Osteoporosis is a debilitating disease that affects many older people. Characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration (MAD) of bone tissue, Fragility fractures are the hallmark of osteoporosis. There are potentially numerous nutrients and a dietry component that can influence bone health. Bone mineral consists of calcium phosphate, and phosphorus is as important as calcium in supporting bone augmentation and maintenance. Although typical adult diets contain abundant phosphorus, 10% to 15% of older women have intakes of less than 70% of the recommended daily allowance. Patients at the highest risk for fractures benefit from many approved treatments which can be given orally {alendronic acid, risedronatesodium, zolendronic acid, denosumab, raloxifene, hormone replacement theory (HRT)} which results in increased bone mineral density and reduction of fracture risk. This article initially overviews osteoporosis, including its definition, etiology, and incidence, and then provides some information on possible dietry strategies for optimizing bone health and preventing osteoporosis. The potential benefits of calcium, Vitamin D, Vitamin K, phosphorous and Vitamin C are briefly discussed, along with the different treatments, with particular emphasis on the evidence base for their benefits to a bone. It also highlights the importance of some dietry factors for bone health in childhood and adolescence. Osteoporosis can be prevented by proper lifestyle modification like exercise and diet.