A REVIEW ON ANTIULCER ACTIVITY
HTML Full TextA REVIEW ON ANTIULCER ACTIVITY
Pradip Kumar Maury*, S.K. Jain, Nand Lal and Shashi Alok
Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
ABSTRACT
Over the past decades, herbal medicine has become a thing of global significance with medicinal and economic implications. Wide spread use of herbs throughout the globe has raised serious concerns over its quality, safety, and efficacy. Our investigation showed that these investigated medicinal plants could prevent ulcer in a dose-dependent manner. Histological studies revealed that these medicinal plants did not show any acute toxicity. Preliminary photochemical screening of this medicinal plant identified the presence of important secondary metabolites like flavonoids and tannins. A peptic ulcer in the stomach is called a gastric ulcer. One that is in the duodenum is called a duodenal ulcer. Peptic ulcers happen when the acids that help you digest food damage the walls of the stomach or duodenum. The most common cause is infection with a bacterium called Helicobacter pylori. Another cause is the long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs) such as aspirin and ibuprofen. Stress and spicy foods do not cause ulcers, but can make them worse. As many as 70-90% of ulcers are associated with Helicobacter pylori, a spiral-shaped bacterium that lives in the acidic environment of the stomach. Ulcers can also be caused or worsened by drugs such as aspirin and other NSAIDs. There has been considerable pharmacological investigation in to the antiulcer activity of some compounds. In this work, we have reviewed the literature on different medicinal plants for anti-ulcer activity, this article reviews the anti-peptic, gastro protective of the most commonly employed herbal medicines and their identified overall active constituents has been reported.
Keywords:Antiulcer,
Chemical constituent, |
Uses
INTRODUCTION:Ulcer is a common disorder of the gastrointestinal system, which causes much discomfort to patients, disrupting their daily routines and causes mental agony. It is genrrally more common in those who keep themselves in hurry, become worry and consume curry 1. Peptic ulcer disease can be characterized by inflamed lesions or excavations of the mucosa and tissue that protect the gastrointestinal tract. Damage of mucus membrane which normally protects the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum from gastric acid and pepsin causes peptic ulcer 2 .
Natural products from plants are a rich resource used for centuries to cure various ailments. The use of natural medicine in the treatment of various diseases like peptic ulcer is an absolute requirement of our time 3.
Therefore, alternative approach in recent days is the research of medicaments from traditional medicine. The use of phytoconstituents as drug therapy to treat major ailments has proved to be clinically effective and relatively less toxic than the existing drugs.
Diverse chemical compounds have been isolated from medicinal plants with antiulcer activity (Lewis and Hanson, 1991). This is an important reason to investigate antiulcer effects in medicinal plants with traditional use in gastric diseases 4.
Achyranthes aspera
- Family: Amaranthaseae
- Common name: Prickly Chaff Flower, Devil's Horsewhip
- Part used: Whole plant, root, seeds
- Extract: Ethanolic
- Chemical constituent: Seeds contains saponins A and B. They are glycosides of oleanolic acid. The carbohydrate components are the sugars D-glucose, L-rhamnose, Dglucuronic acid (= Saponin A). Saponin B is the fl-D-galactopyranosyl ester of Saponin A. In the unripe seeds saponines, oleanolic acid, amino acids and hentriacontane, a long chained carbohydrate 5.
- Roots: Ecdysterone and oleanolic acid have been isolated.
- Shoots: An aliphatic dihydroxyketone 36, 37-dihydroxy henpentacontan-4-on and triacontanol could be found (4). Two long chain compounds, isolated from the shoots, have been characterized as 27-cyclohexylheptacosan-7-ol and 16-hydroxyñ 26-methyl heptacosan-2-on by chemical and spectral investigations 6.
- Use: Obstetrics and gynaecology, antiulcer. For snake bites, the ground root is given with water until the patient vomits andregains consciousness, Crushed leaves rubbed on aching back to cure strained back 7.
Alchornea castaneaefolia
- Common name: Iporuru, Iporoni, Iporuro, Ipururo, Ipurosa, Macochihua, Niando, Pajaro
- Family: Euphorbiaceae
- Extract: ethenolic, hydroethanolic 8
- Useful part: Leaves, bark , root
- Chemical constituents: Alchorneine, Alchorneinone, Alkaloids, Anthranilic acid, Gentisinic acid Yohimbine , flavonoids, glycosides.
- Use: Antioxidant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiulcer 9
Anogeissus latifolia
- Family: Combretacea
- Common name: Dhawa, Ghatti, Gum Ghatti, Indian Gum Tree, Indian Sumac
- Useful part: Roots, bark, leaves, fruits.
- Extract: Methanolic
- Chemical constituents: The leaves, bark and heartwood yield quinic and shikmik acids; leaves contain gallotannin (90–95% of the tannins). The young leaves and shoots contain 50% tannins (dry basis). The bark contains 12–18% tannins. Heartwood contains gallic acid, ellagic acid, its derivatives, quercetin and myricetin. The gum is mainly the calcium salt of a complex, high molecular weight polysaccharic acid (ghattic acid). The gum is a substitute for Gum Arabic 10.
- Use: Wounds and ulcers, inflammations, diabetes, haemorrhages, haemoptysis, diarrhoea, dysentery, haemorrhoids, skin diseases, liver diseases, and general debility.
Bauhinia variegata
- Family: Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
- Common name: Orchid-tree, poor-man's orchid, mountain-ebony
- Extract: Ethanolic, methanolic and aqueous 11
- Useful part: Root, bark, leaves
- Chemical constituents: carbohydrates, glycosides, furanoids, flavonoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, proteins, gums and mucilages, flavonol glycoside, 5, 7, 3′, 4′-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxy-7-O-alpha-L rhamno pyranosyl(1→3)-O-betagalactopyranoside 12
- Use: Antibacterial, antifungal, antiulcer, hepato-protective, antioxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic, bronchitis, leprosy, tumors 13.
Ficus religiosa
- Family: Moraceae
- Common name: Peepal
- Extract: Ethanolic , methanolic
- Useful part: Stem, bark, Leaves, Tender Shoots, Latex, Seeds, Fruits
- Chemical constituent: Triterpenoids, Flavonoids, Saponins, Steroids, Tannins and Phenolic compounds, Carbohydrate, Protein 14
- Use: antidiabetic, cognitive enhancer, wound healing, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antiviral, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antiasthmatic, parasympathetic modulatory, esterogenic, antitumor, antiulcer, antianxiety, antihelmintic, endotheilin receptor antagonistic, apoptosis inducer and hypotensive 15.
Jasminum grandiflorum
- Family: Oleaceae
- Common name: Chameli
- Extract: Hydro-alcoholic, methanolic, ethanolic, aqueous
- Useful part: Leaves, flower
- Chemical constituents: Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Steroids, Fatty acids, Flavonoids methyl anthranilate, indole, benzyl alcohol, benzyl acetate and the terpenes linalool and linalyl acetate 16.
- Use: Ulcerative stomatitis, skin diseases, ulcers, wounds healing, antibacterial, antioxidant 17, 18
Lagenaria siceraria
- Family: Cucurbitaceae
- Common name: Bottle gourd
- Extract: Methanolic
- Part used: Fruit
- Chemical constituent: Flavonoid, steroids, polyphenol, saponins, carbohydrate proteins 19
- Use: Antioxidant, antihyperlipedemic, antihyper- glycemic, cardiotonic, hepatoprotective, immuno- modulatory 20
Musa paradisiacal
- Family:Musaceae
- Common name: Banana
- Extract: Aqueous extract, methanolic
- Useful part: Root, leaves, trunk
- Chemical constituent: Carbohydrates, Catechol-amines such as norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine tryptophan, indole compounds. Several flavonoids and related compounds (Leucocyanidin, quercetin and its 3-Ogalactoside, 3-O-glucoside, and 3-O-rhamnosyl glucoside Serotonin, nor-epinephrine, tryptophan, indole compounds, tannin, starch, iron, crystallisable and non-crystallisable sugars, vitamin C, B-vitamins, albuminoids, fats 21.
- Use: Haemostatic, Coccidiostat, Diuretic effect, diarrhoea, dysentery, intestinal lesions in ulcerative colitis, diabetes, sprue, uremia, nephritis, gout, hypertension and cardiac disease 22, 23, 24.
Nerium indicum
- Family: Apocynaceae
- Common name: Kaner
- Extract: Methanolic
- Useful part: Root, leaves, whole plant 25
- Chemical constituent: Alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, tannins, phenolic compounds and flavonoids 26
- Use: Cardiotonic, diaphoretic, diuretic (promotes excretion), emetic 27. Decoction of leaves has been applied externally in the treatment of scabies and to reduce swellings 28. The oil prepared from the root bark is used in the treatment of leprosy and skin diseases of scaly, nature 29. The whole plant is believed to have anti-cancer properties 30-31.
Oxystelma esculentum
- Family: Asclepiadaceae
- Common name: Dudhia Lata
- Extract: Petroleum Ether, Methanol, Chloroform, Water
- Useful part: Leaves, petiole, stem, root and rhizome 32
- Chemical constituent: Tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides and alkaloids
- Use: The juice is used in gleet, gonorrhoea, pain in the muscles, cough and given to children as an astringent, antiseptic, depurative, galactagogue properties. The root is considered specific for jaundice and the milk sap is used as a wash for ulcers. In Ayurveda, the plant is a diuretic, aphrodisiac, antihelmintic and anti-bronchitis, is useful in leucoderma and the fruit is expectorant, antihelmintic. The fruit juice is used in gonorrhoea and pain in muscles 33.
Polyalthia longifolia
- Family: Annonaceae
- Common name: False Ashoka tree
- Extract: Ethanolic, aqueous, methanol 34
- Useful part: Whole plant
- Chemical constituent: Steroids, alkaloids, biterpenoids, carbohydrates, amino acids, essential oil, phenolics and flavonoids35
- Use: Antiulcer, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial 36 oil used as emollient, moisturizer.
Prunus amygdalus
- Family: Rosaceae
- Common name: Almond
- Extract: Methanolic, Phenolic, Ethanolic and Water
- Useful part: Seed, fruit
- Chemical constituents: One sphingolipid, 1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3R,4E,8Z)-2-[(2R)-2-hydroxy hexadecanoylamino]-4, 8-octadecadiene-1, 3-diol, and four other constituents, beta-sitosterol, daucosterol, uridine, and adenosine 37. Other chemical compounds in the almond include 3 major components: betulinic acids, oleanic, and ursolic 38, 39. Other acids (corosolic and maslinic) have been identified as aldehydes. Antioxidant flavonoids quercetin, isorhamnetin, quercitrin, kaempferol, and morin have been isolated 40, 41.
- Use: Antiulcer, anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory and in vitro antiproliferative activities 38, 39 antidiabetic 42.
Psidium guajava
- Family: Myrtacea
- Common name: Common guava
- Extract: Methanol, acetone and N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) fractions 43
- Useful part: Roots, bark and leave
- Chemical constituents: Guava is rich in tannins, phenols, triterpenes, flavonoids, essential oils, saponins, carotenoids, lectins, vitamins, fibre and fatty acids 44.
- Use: Hepatoprotective 44, anti-diarrheal, anti-hypertensive, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-microbial, hypoglycemic and antimutagenic activities 45.
TABLE 1: ANTIULCER PLANTS AND THEIR ACTIVITY
PLANT NAME | FAMILY | COMMON NAME | CHEMICAL | USE |
Achyranthes aspera | Amaranthaseae | Prickly Chaff Flower, Devil's Horsewhip | Seeds: saponins A and B.roots: ecdysterone and oleanolic acid
shoots: an aliphatic dihydroxyketone 36,37-dihydroxyhenpentacontan-4-on 27-cyclohexylheptacosan-7-ol |
Obstetrics and gynecology, Antiulcer. For snake bites the ground root is given with water until the patient vomits andregains consciousness |
Alchornea castaneaefolia | Euphorbiaceae | Ipururo, Ipurosa, Macochihua Niando, Pajaro | Alchorneine, Alchorneinone, Alkaloids, Anthranilic acid, Gentisinic acid Yohimbine, flavonoids, glycosides | Antioxidant, antifúngal, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiulcer |
Anogeissus latifolia | Combretacea | Dhawa, Ghatti, Gum Ghatti, Indian Gum Tree | quinic and shikmik acids, quercetin and myricetin. | wounds and ulcers, inflammations, diabetes, haemorrhages, haemoptysis, diarrhoea, dysentery, haemorrhoids, skin diseases, liver diseases |
Bauhinia variegata | Fabaceae (Leguminosae) | Orchid-tree, poor-man's orchid, mountain-ebony | carbohydrates, glycosides, furanoids, flavonoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, | antibacterial, antifungal, antiulcer, and hepatoprotective, antioxidant antihyperlipidemic , bronchitis, leprosy, tumors |
Ficus religiosa | Moraceae | Peepal | Triterpenoids, Flavonoids, Saponins, Steroids, Tannins and Phenolic compounds, Carbohydrate, Protein | antidiabetic, cognitive enhancer, wound healing, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antiviral, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, immuno-modulatory, antiasthmatic, |
Jasminum grandiflorum | Oleaceae | Chameli | Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Steroids, Fatty acids, Flavonoids, methyl anthranilate, indole,benzyl alcohol, benzyl acetate and the terpenes linalool and linalyl acetate. | Use: ulcerative stomatitis, skin diseases, ulcers, wounds healing, antibacterial, antioxidant |
Lagenaria siceraria | Cucurbitaceae | Bottole gaurd | Flavonoid, steroids, polyphenol, saponins, carbohydrate proteins | antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic , antihyperglycemic, cardiotonic , hepatoprotective, immunmodulatory |
Musa paradisiacal | Musaceae | Banana | Carbohydrates , Catecholamines such as norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine tryptophan, indole compounds | Haemostatic ,Coccidiostat, Diuretic effect, diarrhoea, dysentery, intestinal lesions in ulcerative colitis, diabetes, sprue, uremia, nephritis, gout, hypertension and cardiac disease, |
Nerium indicum | Apocynaceae | Kaner | alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, tannins, phenolic compounds and flavonoids 26 | cardiotonic, diaphoretic, diuretic (promotes excretion), emetic Decoction of leaves hasbeen applied externally in the treatment of scabies and to reduce swellings |
Oxystelma esculentum | Asclepiadaceae | Dudhia lata | Tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides and alkaloids | gleet, gonorrhea, pain in the muscles, cough and given to children as an astringent. antiseptic, depurative, galactagogue properties |
Polyalthia longifolia | Annonaceae | False ashoka tree | steroids, alkaloids, biterpenoids, carbohydrates, amino acids, essential oil, phenolics and flavonoids | antiulcer, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial 36,oil use as emmoliant, moisturizer |
Prunus amygdalus | Rosaceae | almond | -sitosterol, daucosterol, uridine and adenosine 37.Other chemical compounds in the almond include 3 major components: betulinic acids, oleanic, and ursolic | Antiulcer, anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory and in vitro antiproliferative activities. 38, 39 antidiabetic 42 |
Psidium guajava | Myrtacea | Common guava | tannins, phenols, triterpenes, flavonoids, essential oils, saponins, carotenoids, lectins, vitamins, fibre and fatty acids | Hepatoprotective 44, anti-diarrheal, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic and antimutagenic activities 45 |
CONCLUSION: From this study, it is clear that the medicinal plants play a vital role against on various diseases. Various herbal plants and plants extracts have significant antiulcer activity in animal models. It has mucoprotective activity and gastric anti-secretary when compared with that of reference herbal drugs. The extract is non-toxic even at relatively high concentrations.
Our review results show that above-mentioned medicinal plants could prevent ulcer with the principle on dose-dependent. A variety of botanical products have been reported to possess antiulcer activity. Finally, it should be noted that substances such as flavonoids and tannins that possess antiulcer activity are of particular therapeutic importance. The results of this study indicate that extracts of leaves and plants extracts of some medicinal plant have good potentials for use in peptic ulcer disease.
REFERENCE:
- Anwar jamal ,Aisha Siddique , Tajuddin and M. A. Jafri , a review on gastric ulcer remedies in unani system of medicine march- april 2006, vol 5(2) 153- 159
- M.G. Brenner and C.W. Stevens. Pharmacology, 2nd ed, (Elsevier, New Delhi, 2006) 310-14.
- D. Sasmal, S Das and S. P. Basu. Phytoconstituents and therapeutic potential of Nyctanthes arbortristis Linn. Pharmacol Rev .1, 2007, 344-49
- Indian Herbal Pharmacopia Vol. II, Page-5.
- Hariharan V., Rangaswami S., Structure of saponines A and B from the seeds of Achyranthes aspera Phytochemistry,(1970), 9:409-414
- Misra TG,Singh RS,Pandey HS et al. Two long chain compounds from Achyranthes aspera Phytochemistry, (1993), 33, 1:221-3
- Singh VK, Ali ZA, Zaidi STH: Ethnomedicinal uses of plants from Gonda district forests of Uttar Pradesh, India Fitoterapia LXVII, 1996, 2: 129-39
- C.A. Hiruma-Lima et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 104 2006, 215–224
- Setzer, W.N., Shen, X., Bates, R.B., Burns, J.R., McClure, K.J., Zhang, P., A phytochemical investigation of Alchornea latifolia. Fitoterapia, 2000, 71, 195–198.
- Arutla Rajender et al. IJRAP 2011, 2(2) 677-680
- Neha Sharma, Renu Bhardwaj Subodh Kumar and Satwinderjeet Kaur Evaluation of Bauhinia variegata L. bark fractions for in vitro antioxidant potential and protective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative damage to pBR322 DNA African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, September, 2011 Vol. 5(12), pp. 1494-1500,
- Yamini R. Kumar and G. P. Rajani, Analgesic and antiulcer activities of ethanolic and aqueous of root of Bauhinia variegate Linn. International Journal of Pharmacology 2011, vol. 7,616-622
- DK Golwala, LD Patel., Pharmacognostical studies of Bauhinia variegata linn root Year: 2009, Volume: 1, Issue: 1, 36-41
- Kavita Suryawanshi, Sanjay Khakre, Ashish Chourasia, P. K. Chaurasiya, R. S. Pawar, Deenanath Jhade, hepatoprotective activity of stem bark extracts of Ficus religiosa Linn. In rats IJBR2 [8][2011]466-475
- Singh D., Singh B., Goel RK., traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Ficus religiosa: a review. J Ethnopharmacology. 2011 apr 12; 134(3) 565-83
- B.S. Nayak, Krishna mohan: influence of ethanolic extract of Jasminum grandflorum Linn. Flower on wound healing activity in rats, Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology 2007, 51(2), 189-194
- Mahajan Nilesh, Sarkar Dinesh, Sanghai Dhirendra. Evolution of antiulcer potential of leaves of Jasminum grandiflorum Linn. Int. J. Ph. Sci. Sept-December 2009, Vol. 1, (2) 247-249
- Padmaa M, Paarakh et al., Antibacterial activity of Jasminum grandiflorum Linn leaves, Journal of Pharmacy Research 2009, 2(7), 1206-1207
- Vivek srivastava et al,antiulcer activity of methanolic extract of Lagenaria siceraria Linn.IJPRD vol. 3(7) sept 2011, (187-192)
- J. R. Deshpande et al,: Benifecial effect of Lagenaria siceraria standley fruit epicarp in animal model, Indian journal of experimental biology vol. 46,april 2008, 234-242
- Mohammad Zafar Imam, Saleha Akter, Musa paradisiaca L. and Musa sapientum L.: A Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review, Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 01 (05); 2011: 14-20
- Weremfo, M.B. Adinortey, A.N.M., Pappoe Haemostatic Effect of the Stem Juice of Musa paradisiaca L. (Musaceae) in Guinea Pigs Advances in Biological Research 5 (4): 190-192, 2011
- Jha U, Shelke TT, Oswal R.J, Rajesh K S, Diuretic effect of methanolic extract of Musa paradisiaca L root in rat, Der Pharmacia Lettre, 2011: 3 (4) 404-407
- Tafara Matekaire, MS John F. Mupangwa, Emily F. Kanyamura, the Efficacy of Banana Plant (Musa paradisiaca) as a Coccidiostat in Rabbits Intern J Appl Res Vet Med • Vol. 3, No. 4, 2005, 326-331
- Patel Govind, Nayak Satish, Shrivastava Shobhit, Antiulcer activity of methanolic leaves extract of Nerium indicum, IJBR 1 [2] [2010]55‐61
- G Patel, S Nayak, S Shrivastava, Physical evolution and qualitative chemical examination of methanolic extract of Nerium indicum, Inter J Curr Trends Sci Tech,(2010) 1(2): 32–36
- Ahmed S. U., Ali. M.S., Begum F., & Alimuzzaman M., Anagasic activity of methanolic extracts of Nerium indicum Mill. Dhaka univ. J. Pharm.Sci. 2006; 5: 85-87.
- Wasif Ibrahim A., Zorob O., Katheeri N. A.Al., Awahi A. M. Al. A fatalcase of oleandrin poisoning. Forensic Science International. 2008; 179: 31-36.
- Chiej, R., “Encyclopaedia of Medicinal Plant”. McDonald, ISBN, 0-356-10541-5, 1984.
- Hsiung L.K., Meet, L.Y., shung,W.T., Cheng, Z.D., Takashi Y.,Toshimihso, H., Iris, H.H., Jerjang,C., Yang, W.R., hsiung, Y.T., Antitumor Agent LXXXVIII. Thecytotoxic) Nerium oleander and itsactive component Gac Med: espan.1998; 27: 570-578.
- Nazar S., Kulshrestha, V.K. Kohit P.R. Cardiovascular pharmacology of Nerium indicum, j Res, Indian Med.1970; 5 :( 1) 32-38.
- N. Poornima, K.M. Umarajan and K. Babu Studies on Anatomical and Phytochemical Analysis of Oxystelma esculentum (L.f.)R.br.Ex. Schltes Botany Research International, 2009, 2 (4): 239-243,
- Ashok kumar durairaj et al, Effects of Methanolic Extract of Oxystelma esculentum on Diuresis and Urinary Electrolytes Excretion in Rats, IJPT, July 2007, vol. 6, no. 2 , 207-211
- Sharma RK, Mandal S, Rajani GP, Gupta N, Srivastava DP, Antiulcer and Anti-inflammatory Activity Of Fresh Leaf Extracts of Polyalthia Longifolia In Rats,IJJDR, march 2011,vol. 1,351-359.
- Anupam Ghosh, Bidus Kanti Das, Soroj Kumar Chatterjee, Goutam Chandr: Antibacterial potentiality and phytochemical analysis of mature leaves of Polyalthia longifolia, The South Pacific Journal of Natural Science, 2008, Volume 26, 68-72
- Tanna, E. R. Nair, E. S. Chanda: Assessment of anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective potency of Polyalthia longifolia var. pendula leaf in Wistar albino rat, J Nat Med (2009) 63:80–85
- Sang S. Kikujaki H., Lapslry K, Rosen RT., Nakatani, hoct, Sphingolipid and other constituents from almond nuts (Prunus amygdalus Batsch).j agric food chem. Jul 2002 31;50(16):4709-12
- Frison S, Sporns P. Variation in the flavonol glycoside composition of almond seed coats as determined by maldi-tof mass spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem . 2002; 50:6818-6822.
- Wijeratne SS, Abou-Zaid MM, Shahidi F. Antioxidant polyphenols in almond and its coproducts. J Agric Food Chem. 2006; 54:312-318.
- Takeoka GR, Dao LT. Antioxidant constituents of almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] hulls. J Agric Food Chem. 2003; 51:496-501
- Sang S, Lapsley K, Rosen RT, Ho CT. New prenylated benzoic acid and other constituents from almond hulls (Prunus amygdalus Batsch). J Agric Food Chem. 2002; 50:607-609.
- Shah K H, Patel J B, Shrma V J, Shrma R M, Patel R Pand Chaunhan U M Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of Prunus amygdalus Batsch in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Mice. April – June 2011, RJPBCS, Volume 2 Issue 2, 429-434
- Rathish Nair; Sumitra Chanda In-vitro antimicrobial activity of Psidium guajava l. leaf extracts against clinically important pathogenic microbial strains, Braz.J.Microbiol. July/ Sept. 2007 vol. 38 no. 3:452-458
- G. Taju, M. Jayanthi, S. Abdul Majeed,Evaluation of Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant activity of Psidium guajava Leaf Extract against Acetaminophen Induced Liver Injury in Rats,International Journal of Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2011; 1 (2): 13-20
- JV Kamath,Nair Rahul,CK Ashok Kumar,S Mohan Lakshmi Psidium guajava L: A review, International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 2008 , Volume : 2, Issue : 1, 9-12
How to cite this article:
Maury PK, Jain SK, Lal N and Alok S: Current Status And Future Innovations In Transdermal Drug Delivery. Int J Pharm Sci Res, 2012; Vol. 3(8): 2487-2493.
Article Information
15
2487-2493
590KB
2553
English
IJPSR
Pradip Kumar Maury*, S.K. Jain, Nand Lal and Shashi Alok
Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
proud007@gmail.com
25 March, 2012
14 June, 2012
27 July, 2012
http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.3(8).2487-93
01 August, 2012