Pages Menu
ISSN (Online): 0975-8232,
ISSN (Print): 2320-5148

International Journal Of
Pharmaceutical Sciences And Research

IJPSR is indexed with Embase

An International Journal published monthly
An Official Publication of Society of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Categories Menu

A REVIEW ON HYPOGLYCAEMIC ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF VARIOUS MEDICINAL PLANTS

HTML Full Text

A REVIEW ON HYPOGLYCAEMIC ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF VARIOUS MEDICINAL PLANTS

  1. Rajya Lakshmi*, M. Supraja, M. Mounika and P. Srinivasa Babu

Vignan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi, Guntur (Dt), A.P, India

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is the common metabolic disorder seen in 2.8% of the world’s population. It is expected to cross 5.4% by 21st century. It is one of the causes of death in this 21st century. Since many years, herbal medicines are used as a source of medicine in Ayurveda and also in some traditional systems of medicine. Ayurveda and other traditional systems have textual evidence about the uses of medicinal plants to cure various types of diabetes in human beings. Thousands of plant species has shown the therapeutic efficacy to control diabetes. As the usage of natural medicinal plants can have lesser side effects when compared with the synthetic drugs. This review mainly aims to know about various plant species in India and all around the world that are used in curing Diabetes Mellitus.

Keywords:

Diabetes, Medicinal plants,

Anti-diabetic activity, Active constituents, Extracts

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes is a global health problem. In recent years, an estimated 3.4 million people died due to risk of diabetes. The WHO predicts that the number of deaths due to diabetes will be doubled by 2030. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder 9 characterised by major defect in hyperglycaemia or glucose metabolism, de arrangement in fat and protein metabolism. It mainly affects the nerves and blood vessels. It affects due to defect in insulin secretion or action of insulin which continuously leads to chronic diabetics which shows secondary manifestations by affecting eyes, kidneys and heart. It also leads to the cause of various diseases to various parts of our body. This requires treatment and some changes in human life styles.

Diabetes is mainly of two types.

Type-1: It is Insulin Dependent Diabetics Mellitus1 or Juvenile onset diabetes. It is seen in 5-10% of diabetic patients. It is recognized as an auto immune disease where beta cells are destroyed by antibodies, hence pancreas cannot secrete insulin. So, it requires insulin exogenously. Symptoms include thirst, hunger, weight loss, fatigue, frequent urination and diabetic ketoacidosis.

Type-2: It is Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus or adult onset diabetes15. It occurs due to development of insulin resistance in the body and to a state where pancreas decreases its ability to produce sufficient amount of insulin required for the body. Insulin resistance is a state where the body does not utilize the secreted insulin properly. Insulin resistance associates with various physiological factors like hyper coagulation, obesity, dislipideamia, hypertension, hyperinsulinemia, all physiological together called the metabolic syndrome. This can be cured by giving anti-hyperglycaemic agents.

Gestational diabetes:

This type is rarely seen during pregnancy. It occurs in women who are not having the family history of diabetes. It requires treatment to avoid complication in the infant and also to control the hypoglycaemia.

There are many synthetic drugs to cure diabetics but they have undesirable side effects 10. Alternatively herbal formulations are preferred as they are safe and cheap when compared to synthetic oral hypoglycaemic. These herbal formulations may delay the development of diabetic complications. Plants are a potential source for hypoglycaemic agents, as proved by Ethno botanical information reports stating that nearly 800 plants possess anti-diabetic activity. This review represents the profile of Indian plants commonly used, which has been pharmacologically proven to be effective hypoglycaemic agents, as represented in Table 1.

TABLE 1: LIST OF PLANTS AND THEIR EXTRACTS CONTAINING ACTIVE CONSTITUENTS POSSESSING ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITY 13, 14, 16

S. no Common name Botanical name Family Part of the plant Name of the extract Active Constituents
1. Ladies finger Ablemoschus esculentus Malvaceae Fruit Aqueous Flavanoid glycoside quercetin, coumarin scopoletin
2. Pindrow-Fir Abies pindrow Pinaceae Whole plant 50%Ethanolic Terpenoids, flavonoids, ligans
3. Tailsapatri Abies spectabilis Pinaceae Leaves Terpenoids, flavonoids, ligans,together with minor constituents of phenols, steroids
4. Chinese bell flowers Abutilon indicum Malvaceae Leaves Alcoholic A(1) and -N-(1-methoxy carbonyl-2-phenylethyl)-4hydroxybenzamide

(2)
5. Babul Acacia Arabica 1 Mimosaceae Stem bark and seeds Arabin
6. Catechu Acacia catechu Mimosaceae seeds 50% Ethanolic Catechuic acid, catechu tannic acid, catechu red, quercetin, catechin, epi catechin
7. White babbul Acacia leucophloea Mimosaceae Bark Flavonoids, triterpenoids
8. Black wattle Acaacia melanoxylon Mimosaceae Whole plant 50% Ethanolic Quinones
9. Babul Acacia nilotica Mimosaceae Bark Alkaloids, flavonoids, glycoside
10. White catechu Acacia polyacantha Mimosaceae Whole plant Saponins, catechu tannins, mucilages, flavonoids, anthocyanins
11. khor Acacia Senegal Mimosaceae Gum Tannins, saponins, sterols
12. Kuppi Acalypha ciliate Euphorbiaceae Root Quinine, sterols and cyanogenic glycosides
13. Prickly chaff flower Acaranthes aspera 1 Amaranthaceae Whole plant Triterpenoid, saponins, ecdysterone
14. Indian Aconite Aconitum ferox Ranunculaceae Root Pseudoaconitine
15. Peacock’s tail Actinipterus radiate Actinopteridaceae Whole plant Hentriacontane, hentriacontanol, β-sitosterol
16. Thali Actinodaphne malabarica Lauraceae Leaves
17. Malbar nut Adhatoda Zeylanica Acanthaceae Leaves Pyrroloquinazoline, alkaloid- Vasicine
18. Rock Fern Adiantum Capillis Adiantaceae Whole plant Astragalin, isoquercitin, nicotiflorin, Kaempferol-3-glucorinide, rutin, querciturone
19. Venus hair Adiantum caudatum Adiantaceae Leaves Triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenyl propanoids, alicyclic acids
20. Vahrishikhaa Adiantum incisum Adiantaceae Whole plant 50%ethanolic Tannins, alkaloids, Saponins
21. Bael tree Aegle marmelos 1 Rutaceae Leaves Aqueous
22. Priyangu Aglaia diepenhorstii Meliaceae Fruits
23. Agrimony Agrimony eupatoria 1 Rosaceae Aqueous
24. Tree of heaven Ailanthus integrifolia Simarubaceae Stem bark Ethanolic Ailanthone
25. Ankola Alangium Salvifolium Alangiaceae leaves Methanolic,

50%ethanolic

 Alkaloids, ankorine, marckidine, marck
26. Black siris Albizia chinensis Mimosaceae seeds
27. Albizia falcataria Mimosaceae Seeds Saponins, terpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids
28. Siris tree Albizia lebbeck Mimosaceae Roots 50%ethanolic Tannins
29. Black siris Albiziaodoratissima Mimosaceae Seeds, bark Methanolic Odoratissimin, echinocystic acid, glucose, rhamnose, arabinose
30. Onion Allium cepa 1 Liliaceae Bulb Pet ether23 Allyl propyl disulphide
31. Garlic Allium sativum 1 Alliaceae Whole plant Ethyl ether, ethanolic S-Allyl cysteine sulphoxide
32. Indian aloe Aloe barbadensis Liliaceae Leaves Ethanolic Pseudoprototinosaponnin All and prototinosaponins Alll
33. Nepalese alder Alnus nepalensis Betulaceae Bark, stem Ethanolic Terpenoids, flavonoids, diarylheptanoids
34. Geater galangal Alpinia galangal Zingiberaceae Rhizome Flavanol-galangin
35. Dita bark tree Alstonia scholaris Apocyanaceae Whole plant Alkaloids ditamine, echitenine, echitamine
36. Matsyaakshi Alternanthera sessilis Amaranthaceae Leaves Ester, sterols and hydrocarbons
37. Marsh mallow Althaea officinalis Malvaceae Whole plant Coumarins, scopoletin, aspargine, phytosterols
38. Devil’s cotton Ambroma augusta Sterculiaceae Whole plant Ethanolic Taraxerol and its acetate
39. Cardamom Ammomum aromaticum Zingiberaceaee Rhizome Ethanolic 0.12% essential oil
40. Nepal cardamom Ammomum subulatum Zingiberaceae Ethanolic Carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins
41. Pellitory Anacyclus pyrethrum Asteraceae Alkyl amide and pellitorin
42. Raktaskandana Anaphalis triplinervis Asteraceae Whole plant Ethanolic
43. Cashew nut Anacardium occidentale Anacardiaceae Leaves Ethanolic
44. Kalmegh Andrographis paniculata5 Acanthaceae Whole plant Aqueous Diterpene glycosides, flavonoids
45. Anemarrhena asphodeloides Liliaceae Mangiferin
46. Indian dill Anethum sowa Apiaceae Fruit Ethanolic Tannins, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides
47. Custard apple Annona squamosa 2 Annonaceae Leaves Ethanolic Atisine, histine, hetisine
48. Soursop Annona mucirata Annonaceae Leaves Aqueous Alkaloids, megastigmanes
49. Kadam Anthocephalus chinensis Rubiaceae Stem bark 50% ethanolic Triterpenes, triprenoid glycosides
50. Bhandari Anticharis senegalensis Scrophulariaceae Whole plant Aqueous Cathine-alkaloid
51. Vettikan Aporosa lindleyana Euphorbiaceae Wholeplant 50%ethanolic Phytosterol, alkaloids, flavonoids
52. Peanut Arachis hypogea Papilionaceae Nut Tocopherols
53. Strawberry tree Arbutus unedo Ericacerae Leaves
54. Betel nut Areca catechu Aricaceae Nut Arecatannins
55. Elephant creeper Argyeia cuneata Convulvulaceae Leaves Ergoline alkaloids such as ergine
56. Wormwood Artemisia annua Compositae Whole plant Methanolic Artemisin
57. White wormwood Artemisia herbaalba Asteraceae Aerial parts Ethanolic Chrysanthenone
28. Davana Artemisia pallens1 Compositae Aerial parts 50% ethanolic, methanolic Davanone
59. Indian asparagus Asparagus racemosa Asparagaceae Root Hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol Asparagine, Arginine
60. Kokolaaksha   Acanthaceae Whole plant Butelin, Lupeol
61. Bombay atlantia Asteracantha ongifolia Rutaceae Whole plant 50% ethanolic Xanthyletin
62. Belladona Atlantia racemosa Solanaceae Leaves 50% ethanolic Atropine, Scopolamine
63. Bilimbi Atropa belladonna Oxalidaceae Leaves Steroids, triterpenes
64. White Mangrove Averrhoa bilimbi Avicenniaceae Leaves 50% ethanolic Cardiac glycosides and catechol
65. Avicennia officinalis Poaceae Leaves Methanolic Tannins
66. Neem Azadirachta indica1,20

 

 Meliaceae Leaves Aqueous Isomeldenin, nimbin, nimbiene
67. Sambranicettu Axonopus compressus Scrophulariaceae Whole plant Bacosides, brahmine, nicotine, herpestiene
68. Spiny bamboo Bacopa monereri Poaceae Leaves Ethanolic Lysine and methionine
69. Malabans Bambusa bambos Poaceae Whole plant 50% Ethanolic Oxalic acid, arginine, betain, choline
70. Raktajhinti Bambusa nutans Acanthaceae Whole plant 50% Ethanolic Barlerinoside
71. Kanapa Barleria cristata Barringtoniaceae Root 50% Ethanolic Barrigenic acid, gamma sitosterols
72. Nicula Barringtonia acutangula Lecithyidaceae Fruits Dihydromyticetin, gallic acid, bartogenic acid
73. Janglimoha Barringtonia acutangula Sapotaceae Bark Saponins, triterpenoids, flavonoids
74. Deva kanchana Bauhinia candicans Caesalpinaceae Whole plant Steroids and cardiac glycosides
75. Orchid tree Bauhinia forficate Caesalpiniaceae Catharantine, leurosine, lonchnerine, vindoline and vindolininine
76. Bauhinia megalandra Caesalpiniaceae
77. Semla kandla Bauhinia roxburghiana Caesalpiniaceae Seeds Alkaloida and flavonoids
78. Kancanar Bauhinia variegata Caesalpiniaceae Leaves Ethanol Roseoside
79. Golkaddu Benincasa cerifera Cucurbitaceae Fruits
80. Kusmanda Benincasa hispida Cucurbitaceae Fruits Lupeol,β-sitosterol,mannitol
81. Chotra Berberis aristata Berberidaceae Roots 50%ethanolic Berberine
82. True barberry Berberis vulgaris Berberidaceae Roots Aqueous Berbamine and palmatine
83. Elephants ear Bergenia stracheyi Saxifragaceae Roots 50%ethanolic Gallic acid,bergenin
84. Garden beet Beta vulgaris Chenopodiaceae Roots Betanin
85. Hairy beggarticks Bidens pilosa Asteraceae Whole herb Group of glycosides
86. Lajalu Biophytum nervifolium Oxalidaceae Leaves Phenyl propanoids,8 porphyrins
87. Pulicenta Biophytum sensitivum Oxalidaceae leaves Amentoflavone
88. Jaffracettu Bixa orellana Bixaceae Aerial parts 2-butanamine
89. Kagitapoolu Bonninghausenia albiflora Rutaceae Whole plant Ethanolic Acridone
90. Pigweed Boerhaavia diffusa1 Nyctaginaceae leaves Aqueous and chloroform Quercetin,kaempferol
91. Redsilk cotton tree Bombax ceiba1 Bombaceae Flowes Ethanolic Apigenin
92. Gugal Boswellia serrate Burseraceae Fruits Ethanolic Boswellic acid
93. Great bougainvillea Bougainvillea spectabilis Nyctaginaceae Leaves Ethanolic Pinitol
94. Sucupisa Bowdichia virgilioides Papillonaceae Whole plant Benzofuranoids
95. Cabbage Brassica capitata Cruciferae Leaves Ethanolic Trilinolenin,lutein andβ-carotene
96. Brown mustard Brassica juncea1 Brassicaceae Whole plant Aqueous Myrosin
97. Black mustard Brassica nigra 2 Cruciferae Aqueous Glucoside sinigrin
98. Cabbage Brassica oleracca Brassicaceae Cabbage oil Lutein and zeaxanthin
99. Bridelia ferruginea Euphorbiaceae Leaves Biflavanol
100. Wild pine apple Bromelia penguin bromeliaceae Fruits Diterpenes and flavonoids
101. Bryony Bryonia alba Cucurbitaceae Roots Methanolic Guaifenesin
102. Buddleja officinalis Buddlejaceae Acacetin,quercetin,mimenhuasides
103. Palash Butea monosperma Fabaceae Seeds Lignins
104. Ghana Bridelia ndellensis

Beille

 Euphorbiaceae Leaves Aqueous and ethanolic Gallocatechin
105. Bumelia sartorum Root and bark Ethanolic Polysaccharides and phenolics
106. Putikaranja Caesalpinia crisata Caesalpiniaceae Stem bark Terpenoids
107. Fevernut Caesalpinia bonducella Caesalipiniaceae seeds Aqueous & 50%ethanolic Brazilin and bonducin
108. Patang Caesalpinia sappan Caesalipiniaceae Plant Taraxerol
109. Teri pods Caesalpinia digyna Fabaceae Roots Methanolic Bonducin and saponin
110. Zergul Caesalpinia officinalis Asteraceae Plant Methanolic Saponins
111. Long stalked peashurb Caragana brevispina Fabaceae Aerial parts 50%ethanolic Quercetin,narcissin
112.  

 

 Caralluna tuberculata Asclepiadaceae Plant Alcocholic Flavanois
113. Sand sedge Carexx arenaria Cyperaceae Glycinebetaine
114. Red gram Cajanus cajan Fabaceae Leaves,stem & twig Aqueous α ,β ,γ-selinenes,copaene
115. Green tea Camellia sinensis Theaceae Leaves Hot water Epigallocatechin gallate
116. Horse bean Canavalia ensiformis Leguminosae Seeds Aqueous
117. Mirch Capsicum frutescens Solanaceae Whole plant Vanillylamide
118. Papaya Carica papaya Caricaceae Root Cryptoglavine,cis-violaxanthin and antheraxanthin
119. Kumbhikah Careya arborea Lecythidaceae Seed
120. Pimpri Casearia championii Flacourtiaceae Root Aqueous
121. Wild cowrie fruit Casearia esculenta Flacourtiaceae Root Aqueous Chroman and abenzoquinol
122. Chilla Casearia tomentos Flacourtiaceae Root Butenolide
123. Scrambled egg blush Cassia glauca caesalpiniaceae Bark Flavonoids,anthocyanidins and tannins
124. Sophera senna Cassia sophera caesalpiniaceae Seeds Flavonoids and anthraquinone
125. Golden senna Cassia surattensis caesalpiniaceae Leaves Quercetine
126. Beam tree Castanospermum austrate Fabaceae Leaves Australine
127. Tanners cassia Cassia auriculata Caesalpiniaceae Flowers

&leaves

 Aqueous Flavanol
128. Cassia kleinii wight Caesalpiniaceae Leaves Alcoholic Cardiac glycoside and phlobatannins
129. Madagascar periwinkle Catharanthus roseus 25 Apocyaceae Leaves

& twigs

 Aqueous, alcoholic & dichloromethane-methanol Rosinidin
130. Trumpet tree Cecropira obtusifolia Lecropiaceae Leaves Butanolic
131. Tuni Cedrula toona Meliaceae Stem bark

 

 Toonacilin
132. Devadaru Cedrus deodar Pinaceae Heart wood Atlantone,

sesquiterpenes
133. Safedsimul Ceiba pentandra bombacaceae Roots Tannins,

flavanoids and glycosides
134. Common century Centaurium erythrea Gentianaceae Leaf Aqueous Swertiamarin and sweroside
135. Carob Ceratonia siliqua Caesalpiniaceae Seeds Gallotannins
136. Iceland moss Cetraria islandica Parmeliaceae Cetrarin
137. Japanese quince Chaenomeles sinensis Rosaceae Fruits Ethyl acetate Myricetin
138. Garbhedarno Chonemorpha fragrans Apocyanaceae Roots
139. Tejpatre Cinnamomum tamala Lauraceae Leaf Linalool
140. Dalchini Cinnamomum zeylanicum 4 Lauraceae Bark Cinnamaldehyde
141. Colosynth bitter apple Citrullus colocynthis 1 Cucurbitaceae Seedless pulp, roots Aqueous

& ethanolic

 Beta-pyrazole-1-ylalanine
142. Perdepis Clausena anisata Rutaceae Roots Methanolic Alkaloid camptothecin
143. Wampee Clausera lansium Rutaceae Leaves Daucosterol
144. Agni manta Clerodendrum phlomidis Verbenaaceae Roots Pectolinaringenin
145. Aparagit Clitoria ternatea 26 Fabaceae Roots 18 Methanolic Taraxerol,taraxerone,ternatins
146. Ivy-guard Coccinia indica wight Cucurbitaceae Fruit&leaves Alcoholic Triterpenes
147. Cocculus cordifolius Menispermaceae Nishindine and hydrocotylene
148. Broom-creeper Cocculus hirsutus 1 Menispermaceae Leaves Aqueous Coclaurine,magnoflorine,trilobine
149. Coconut palm Cocos nucifera Arecaceae Leaves,oil Hydro-methanol Myricyl ester of cerotic acid
150. Dodak Convolvulus pluricaulis Convulvulaceae Steroids, coumarins, flavonoids, glycosides
151. Japanese cornel Cornus officinalis Cornaceae Alcoholic Β-dihydrocorin, isoquercetin, loganin
152. Tree turmeric Coscinium fenestratum Menispermaceae Stem Alcoholic Berberine
153. Spiral ginger Costus pictus 3 Zingiberaceae Β-amyrin
154. Wild ginger Costus speciosus Costaceae Rhizome Hexane Cycloartanol
155. Mid land hawthorn Crataegus laevigatus Rosaceae Whole plant Oligomeric procyanidins
156. Ban-sangli Crataegus oxycantha Rosaceae Whole plant Quercetin, hyperoside, rutin
157. Turmeric Cuecuma longa Zingiberaceae Tumerone, atlantone
158. Guar gum Cyamopsis tetragonoloba 4 Leguminosae Quinone, terpenoid
159. Wheel wingnut Cyclocarya paliurus Cyclocaraceae Bark Aqueous, chloroform, ethyl acetate,

n-butanol

 Kaempferol glycosides
160. Elephant apple Dillenia indica Dilleniaceae Leaves Methanolic Betulinic acid
161. Bitter yam Dioscorea dumetorum Dioscoreaceae Tuber Aqueous Oxalates, tannins, phytates
162. Prickly leaved elephant’s foot Elaphantopus scaber Asteraceae Acetone Lupeol, phytol
163. Embelia Embelia ribes Myrsinaceae Berries Hexane Embelin
164. Indian gooseberry Emblica officinalis Euphorbiaceae fruit Chromium
165. Indian gentian Enicostemma littorale Gentianaceae Whole plant Aqueous Glycosides, tannins
166. Ephedra Ephedra distachya Ephedraceae L-ephedrine
167. Loquat Eriobotrya japonica Rosaceae Cinchonain
168. Eucalyptus Eucalyptus globulus Myrtaceae Leaves Aqueous α- pinine
169. Indian blackberry Euginea jambolana 4 Myrtaceae Seede & leaves Ethanolic Pandanus odorus
170. Banyan tree Ficus benghalensis 1 Moraceae Bark Ethanolic Leucocyanidine, 3-O-β-d- galactosyl cellobioside
171. Kaakodumbara Ficus hispida 22 Moraceae Alcoholic Pelargonidine-3-0-α-L-Rhamnoside
172. Peepal Ficus religiosa Moraceae Whole plant Leucocyanidine, 3-O-β-d- galactosyl cellobioside
173. Knew tree Ginko biloba Ginkgoaceae
174. Liquorice Glycerrhizae radix Fabaceae Glycyrrhetinic acid, dihydroxy gymnemic
175. Parusha Grewia asiatica Lilliaceae Fruit
176. Gudmar Gymnema sylvestre asclepiadeceae Leaves Alcoholic & aqueous dihydroxy gymnemic
177. Shoe-flower plant Hibiscus rosa sinensis 1 Malvaceae Whole plant Ethanolic Flavonoid glycosides
178. East Indian screw tree Helicteres

isora 1

 Sterculiaceae Roots17 Butanolic & ethanolic Helisterculins A & B, helisorin
179. Barley Hordeum vulgare Gramineae Germinant fruits Tocopherols and tocotrienols
180. Green violet Hybanthus enneaspermus Violaceae Whole plant Alcoholic Cedrandiol
181. Inkomfe Hypoxis hemerocallidae fisch Hypoxidaceae Methanolic Pentenyne glycoside, hypoxoside
182. Pauskaram Inula

racemosa 1

 Asteraceae Root Inunolise
183. Sweet potato Ipomoea batata Convulvulaceae Abietadiene
184. Hauber Juniperus communis Pinaceae Fruit Α-terpinene and γ-terpinene
185. Henna Lawsonia inermis 21 Lytharaceae Leaves Ethanolic & methanolic Triterpenoids, steroids, xanthones
186. Lepichinia caulescens Laminaceae Monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes
187. Wild sage Lippa nodiflora 11 Verbenaceae Whole plant Methanolic Neptin
188. Lithocarpus polystachyus Fabaceae Leaves Ethanolic & aqueous Phloridzin, phloretin
189. Mango Mangifera indica 1 Anacardiaceae Leaves Aqueous Mangiferin- a xanthone glycoside
190. Alfalfa Medicago sativa Fabaceae Aqueous Soyasaponin, azukisaponin
191. Bitter guard Momordica charantia 4 cucurbitaceae Fruit Aqueous Momordicin, charantin and galactose binding lectin
192. White mulbary Morus alba Moraceae Root Steroids, flavanoics
193. Cowhage Mucuna pruriens Leguminosae Whole plant & seeds Alcoholic Fatty acids
194. Curry-leaf tree Murraya koenigii 1 Rutaceae Leaves Sabinene
195. Banana Musa paradisiacal Myrtaceae flowers Cyclomusalenol, cyclomusalenone
196. Small fennel Nigella sativa oil ranunculaceae Thymoquinone
197. Holy basil Ocimum sanctum 1 Lamiaceae Aerial parts Hydro alcoholic Euginol and urosolic acid
198. Olive Olea europia 8 Oleaceae Root Olecanthal and oleuropein
199. Monkey grass Ophiopogon japonicas Asparagaceae root Ethanolic Ophiogenin
200. Pricly pear Opuntia sterptacantha Cactaceae leaves Ethanolic Hordinine
201. Asian rice Oryza sativa Graminae Bran Aqueous Polysaccharides
202. Screw pine Pandanus odorus Pandanaceae Root 4-hydroxy benzoic acid
203. American ginseng Panax ginseng 4 Araliaceae Leaves & stems Aqueous & ethanolic Polypeptides
204. Carolina leaf-flower Phyllanthus carolinensis Euphorbiaceae Rhizome Quercetin and β-sitosterol
205. Picrorhiza Picorrhiza kurroa 1 Scrophulariaceae Alcoholic Picrosides, kutkosides
206. French maritime pine Pinus maritimae Pinaceae bark Pycnogenol
207. Honey Mesquite Prosopis glandulosa Fabaceae Whole plant Gelatin Apigenin
208. Heal all Prunella vulgaris Labiatae Jiangtangsu
209. Guava tree Psidium 24 guajava Myrtaceae Fruits & leaves Aqueous & ethanolic Strictinin, isostrictinin, pendunculagin
210. Malabar kino tree Pterocarpus marsupium 4 Leguminosae Bark Aqueous & methanolic Epicatechin
211. Red sandle wood Pterocarpus santalinus Leguminosae Wood Alcoholic Flavonoids, glycosides
212. Pomegranate Punica granatum 23 Punicaceae Flowers and seeds Ethanolic & methanolic Ellagitannins
213. Quassia wood Quassia amara Simaroubaceae Whole plant Phyllanthine, hypophyllanthine, bio-flavanoids
214. Sacred lotus Radix rehmanniae Scrophulariaceae Rhizome Catalpol- an iridiod glycoside
215. Chinese foxglove Rehmania glutinosa scrophulariaceae Rhizome Ethanolic Iridoids
216. White weeping broom Retama raetam Fabaceae Leaves Aqueous Α-humelene, β-caryophyllene
217. Rhubarb Rheum sps Polygonaceae Rhizome Emodin, sennoside-A
218. Castor Ricinus communis Euphorbiaceae Ethanolic Ricinine, ricin
219. Saptrangi Salacia latifolia Hippocrataceae Roots Alcoholic Corosolic acid
220. Saptrangi Salacacia macrosperma Celastraceae Roots Salcinol, kotanlol
221. Saptrangi Salacacia oblonga Celestracae Whole plant Polyols, xanthone
222. Salacia Salacacia reticulate Celestracae Root bark Aqueous Mangiferin, kotanlol
223. Spanish Sage Salvia lavandifolia Lamiaceae Germacerene-D
224. Thorny Burnet Sarcopoterium spinosum Rosaceae Aqueous Elemol
225. Sweet broomweed Scoparia dulcis Scrophulariaceae Whole plant Aqueous Amellin-6-methoxy benzoxazolinone
226. Keoun Back Selaginella tamarscina Selaginellaceae Phenyl propanoids
227. Marking nut Semecarpus anacardium Anacardiaceae Nut Milk Bhilawanols, minerals
228. Coix seed Semen coicis Graminae Seeds Coixans
229. Foxtail millet Setaria italic Poaceae Seeds Aqueous 6,7-dimethoxy coumarin, 5,8-dimethoxy coumarin
230. Yacon Smallanthus sonchifolius Asteraceae Leaves Aqueous Dicaffeoylquinic acids
231. West indian turkey bery Solanum torvum Solanaceae fruit Methanolic Solasonine and solamargine
232. Wild egg plant Solanum xanthocarpum 12 Solanaceae Leaves Aqueous & methanolic Alkaloids, steroids, saponins
233. Sweet leaf Stevia rebaudiana Asteraceae Stevioside, steviol
234. Chiretta Swertia chiryata 1 Gentianaceae Whole plant Hexane Swerchirin, ophelic acid & chiratin
235. Symplocos cochichinensis Sympolaceae Leaves Hexane Irioids and triterpenoids
236. Jaman Syzygium cumini Myrtaceae Leaves, fruits & seeds Aqueous, alcoholic & acetone Jambosine, antimelin
237. Iboga Tabernanthe iboga Apocyanaceae Aqueous Ibogaine
238. Indian almond Terminalia catappa 22 Combretaceae Fruits Aqueous, methanolic & pet ether Kaempferol
239. Black myrobalan Terminalia chebula 1 Combretaceae Seeds Chloroform Chebulinic acid, terchebin, luteolin
240. Fetty germander Teucrium polium Lamiaceae Aqueous Apigenin
241. Cocoa Theobroma cacao Sterculiaceae Coca beans Polyphenols, epicatechin, quercetin, procyanidin
242. Guduchi Tinospora cardifolia 1 Menispermaceae Stem & roots Aqueous Ligans and terpenoids
243. Giloe Tinospora crispa Menispermaceae Stem Aqueous Aporphine alkaloid
244. Puncture vine Tribuluks terrestris Zygophyllaceae Flavonoids, flavanol glycosides, steroidal saponins, alkaloids
245. Greek hayes Trigonella foenum graecum 4 Leguminosae Seeds Aqueous & methanolic 4-hydroxyleucine and hydroxy isoleucine
246. Triphala Chebulic acid, garlic acid
247. Bichhu booti Urtifca dioica Urticaceae Glucoquinone, scopoletin
248. Cranberry Vaccinium arctostaphylos Ericaceae fruit Ethanolic Delphindin-3-o-β-glucoside
249. Sandarbhar Vinca rosea 7 apocyanaceae Rosnidin
250. European mistletoe Viscum album Loranthaceae Whole plant Ursolic acid, kaempferol, pectin
251. Viscum schimperi Viscaceae Aerial parts Methanolic Oleanane triterpenes
252. Five leaved chaste tree Vitex negundo Verbenaceae Leaves Methanolic Chrysophenol D, luteolin
253. Ginger Zingiber officinalis 4 Zingiberaceae Poly penols, vitamin C, β-carotene
254. Chinese Tsao Zizyphus sativus Rhamnaceae Fruit Minor benzoids, oxygenated monoterpenes
255. Christ’s thron JuJube Zizyphus spina Christi Rhamnaceae Leaves Butanol christininA
256. Tetraena alba Zygophyllum album Zygophyllaceae Whole plant Ethanolic Kaempferol, isorhamnetin & quercetin-3-O-glucoside

CONCLUSION: This review reveals that the Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder caused due to improper metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and fats. The major cause is due to insufficient production of insulin in the body or due to destruction of beta cells in the pancreas (or) improper utilization of produced insulin in the body. Currently many synthetic drugs are available in the market for the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus which may have some side effects. Besides, there are many number of plants having the hypoglycaemic activity used to treat Diabetes Mellitus which are having less side effects, lavish availability and economical when compared with the synthetic drugs.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT: The author conveys deep sense of gratitude to the management of Vignan Pharmacy College for their continuous support and inspiration.

REFERENCES:

  1. Rakesh K.joshi, William N. Setzer, Valdir F. da veiga junior; Aromatic & medicinal plants with anti diabeticpotential from India, American journal of essential oils & natural products 2015; 2(4): 22-28.
  1. Patience O. Osadebe, Estell U. Odoh & Philip F. Uzor; The search for new Hypoglycemic agents from plants; African Journal of pharmacy & Pharmacology March 2014; 8(11):292-303.
  2. Shiny C.T. Anuj Saxena, Sharad Prakash Gupta: Phytochemical and hypoglycaemic activity investigation of Costus pictus plants from Kerala and Tamilnadu, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention,2013; 2(5):11-18
  3. Abdel Nazeer Sigab, Fadia S Yoursef & Mohamed L Ashour; Medicinal plants with potential anti -diabetic activity and their assessment; Medicinal & Aromatic plants, 2014;3 (1) :1-12.
  4. Om Prakash, Rajesh Kumar, Ritika Srivastava, etal; Plants Explored with Anti-diabetic Properties: A Review; American Journal of Pharmacological Sciences 2015; 3:55-66.
  5. Stanley M.H. Chan and Ji-Ming Ye; Strategies for the Discovery and Development of Anti-Diabetic Drugs from the Natural Products of Traditional Medicines; J Pharm Pharm Sci 2013; 16(2): 207 – 216.
  6. V. Raman, Naga vamsi krishna et al: Plants with antidiabetic activities and their medicinal values; International research journal of pharmacy, 2012; 3(3): 11
  7. Julio Wainstein, Tali Ganz,Mona Boaz, Yosefa Bar Dayan, Eran Dolev, Zohar Kerem, and Zecharia Madar ,Olive Leaf Extract as a Hypoglycemic Agent in Both Human Diabetic Subjects and in Rats, Journal of medicinal food, 2012; 15 (7) : 1-6
  8. Karau, G.M., E.N.M. Njagi, A.K. Machocho, L.N. Wangai and P.N. Kamau Hypoglycemic Activity of Aqueous and Ethylacetate Leaf and Stem Bark Extracts of Pappeacapensis in Alloxan-induced Diabetic BALB/c Mice, British journal of pharmacology and toxicology, 2012, 1-9
  1. Ivana Damnjanovic, Dusanka Kitic, Nikola Stefanovic, Snezana Zlatkovic-Guberinic, Aleksandra Catic-Djordjevic, Radmila Velickovic - Radovanovic, Herbal self-medication use in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 2015; 45: 964-971
  2. Arumugam, P Manjula, N Paari; Anti diabetic medicinal plants used for diabetes mellitus; Journal of Acute Disease 2013; 196-200.
  3. Ananta Swargiary, Hankhray Boro, Birendra kumar brahma & Seydur Rahman; Ethano – botanical study of anti diabetic medicinal plants used by the local people of kokrajhae district of bodoland territorial; Journal of medicinal plant studies 2013;1(5): 51-58.
  4. Robert Bently & Henry Trimen: Medicinal plants. Asiatic Publishing House, Fifth edition, Volume:1-4.
  5. P. Khare: Indian Medicinal Plants. Springer (India) Private Limited.
  6. Thomas L. Lemke, David A. Williams; Foye’s principles of medicinal chemistry; 7thedition; Pg-no 878-880.
  7. K Warrier, Vpk Nambiar, C Ramankutty: Vaidyaratanam PS Varier’s Arya Vaidya Sala Kottakal Indian Medicinal Plants, Universities Press Private Limited, I – V.
  8. Patel DK, Prasad SK, Kumar R, Hemalatha S; An overview of ant diabetic medicinal plants having insulin mimetic property; Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012; 320-330.
  9. Sunil Kumar, Meenu Saini, Vipin Kumar, Om Prakash, Renu Arya, Monia Rana,Dinesh kumar; Traditional medicinal plants curing diabetics:A promise for today and tomorrow; Asian Journal of Traditional medicines, 2012;7(4):178-188.
  10. Shankaraiah Pulipaka, Srinivasa Reddy Challa, Ravindra Babu Pingili; Comparative anti diabetic activity of methanolic extract of operculina terpethum stem and root against healthy & Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats; International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012; 1(4):272-278.
  11. A Vasudheva Rao, V Ragha Sudha Madhuri & Y. Rajendra Prasad; Evaluation of In vivo Hypoglycemic effect of Neem fruit Aqueous extract in normoglyca Rabbits; Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, biological & Chemical sciences 2012; 3(1):799-806.
  12. Richa Goel, Daksh Bhatia, Deepti Katiyar; Medicinal plants as anti-diabetic; International Bulletin of Drug Research, 1(2): 100-107.
  13. Neelesh Malviya, Sanjay Jain and Sapna Malviya; Anti-diabetic potential of Medicinal plants; Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica-Drug Research 2010; 67(2): 113-118.
  14. Singh Ayodhya, Singh Kusum, Saxena anjali; Hypoglycemic Activity of Different Extracts of various herbal plants; Saxenss A et al / IJRAP 2010; 1(1): 212-224.
  15. Chauhan, P.K. Sharma, N. Kumar, R. Dudhe; Plants having Potential Anti-diabetic Activity; Scholars Research library, 2010; 29(3):369-387.
  16. Nijagi Joan Murugi, et al. Hypoglycemic effects of Caesalpinia Volkensii on Alloxan induced Diabetic mice; Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical & clinical research 2012; 5(2):69-74.
  17. Daisy & M. Rajathi; Hypoglycemic effects of Clitoria ternatea Linn in Aloxan induced Diabetics in Rats; Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2009; 8(5):393-398.
  1. Kharjul Mangesh, Kharjul Ashwini, Bhairy Srinivas, Gupta Shivram, Kale Aaditi; Phytochemical and Pharmacological Accounts of Some Reviewed Plants with Antidiabetic Potential Scholars Acadamic Journal of Pharmacy, 2014; 3(2): 162-177.

    How to cite this article:

    Lakshmi KR, Supraja M, Mounika M and Babu PS: A Review on Hypoglycaemic Activity of Different Extracts of Various Medicinal Plants. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2016; 7(8): 3173-84.doi: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.7(8).3173-84.

    All © 2013 are reserved by International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. This Journal licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.

     

 

Article Information

2

3173-84

635

2033

8

English

IJPSR

K. Rajya Lakshmi*, M. Supraja, M. Mounika and P. Srinivasa Babu

Vignan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi, Guntur (Dt), A.P, India

drkrl3579@gmail.com

28 March, 2016

29 June, 2016

08 July, 2016

10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.7(8).3173-84

01 August 2016

Download