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A REVIEW ON SOME NEPHROPROTECTIVE MEDICINAL PLANTS

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A REVIEW ON SOME NEPHROPROTECTIVE MEDICINAL PLANTS

Kanchan Gaikwad*, Pradeep Dagle, Pushpalata Choughule, Y. M. Joshi, Vilasrao Kadam

Department of Pharmacology, Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Pharmacy, CBD Belapur Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

ABSTRACT

Nephrotoxicity is one of the most common kidney problems and occurs when body is exposed to a drug or toxin. A number of therapeutic agents can adversely affect the kidney resulting in acute renal failure, chronic interstitial nephritis and nephritic syndrome because increasing number of potent therapeutic drugs like aminoglycoside antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents and NSAIDS. Nephroprotective agents are the substances which possess protective activity against nephrotoxicity. Medicinal plants have curative properties due to the presence of various complex chemical substances. The present review is about the some of the medicinal plants possessing nephroprotective activity on Cisplatin and Gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity.

Keywords:Nephroprotective,

Medicinal plants,

Cisplatin and Gentamicin Nephrotoxicity

INTRODUCTION:Nephrotoxicity is one of the most common kidney problems and occurs when body is exposed to a drug or toxin. When kidney damage occurs, body unable to rid of excess urine and wastes from the body and blood electrolytes (such as potassium and magnesium) will all become elevated.

A number of therapeutic agents can adversely affect the kidney resulting in acute renal failure, chronic interstitial nephritis and nephritic syndrome because increasing number of potent therapeutic drugs like aminoglycoside antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents and NSAIDS have been added to the therapeutic arsenal in recent years. Exposure to chemical reagents like ethylene glycol, carbon tetra chloride, sodium oxalate and heavy metals like lead, mercury, arsenic and cadmium also induces nephrotoxicity. Prompt recognition of disease and cessation of responsible drug are usually the only necessary therapy.

Nephroprotective agents are the substances which possess protective activity against nephrotoxicity. Medicinal plants have curative properties due to the presence of various complexes Chemical substances. Ancient literature has prescribed various herbs for the cure of kidney disease.

Co-administration of various medicinal plants possessing nephroprotective activity along with different nephrotoxic agents may attenuate its toxicity. The following are some of the medicinal. Plants review possessing nephroprotective activity 1, 2, 3.

PLANTS CONTAINING PROTECTIVE ACTIVITY AGAINST CISPLATIN INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY

Name of the plant Family Parts used Chemical constituents
Aerva javanica Amaranthaceae Fresh Roots Isoquercetin, 5 methylmellein, 2- hydroxy-3-O-β primeveroside naphthalene-1,4-dione, Apigenin7-Oglucoronide and Kaempferol.5
Aerva lanata Amaranthaceae Whole plant Botulin, β-sitosterol, Amyrin, Hentriacontane, Campesterol, Stigmasterol, Kaempferol, Starch, Propionic acid, β-carboline-I, Aervoside, Aervolanine23.
Bauhinia variegatea linn Caesalpiniaceae Stems stigmasterol, flavone glycosides, lupeol, kaempferol-3-glucoside, β-setosterol .21
Cassia auriculata Fabaceae Roots Tannins, Di-(2-ethyl) hexyl phthalate, Alkaloids, Resins, Ca2+ and Phosphorous.24
Carica papaya Caricaceae Seeds Seed Flavonoids, Phenols, Alkaloids, Protein, Sterols, Terpenoids, Carbohydrates, Steroids, Tannins, Glycosides, Terpenes and Saponins.5
Ceratonia silique Fabaceae Pods and Leaves Flavonoids. 7
Cucurbita pepo Cucurbitaceae Seeds Flavonoids, Phenols, Alkaloids, Protein, Sterols, Terpenoids, Carbohydrates, Steroids, Tannins, Glycosides, Terpenes and Saponins.
Dichrostachys cinera Mimosaceae Roots Fixed oils, Steroids, Flavonoids, Wight & Arn14 Phenolic compounds, n-octacosanol,β- sitosterol, β-amyrin acetate, Friedelan 3-one, Friedelan 3-ol, Friedlen and α amyrin.8
Ficus religiosa Moraceae Latex Amino acids and Tannins.9
Kigelia Africana Bignoniaceae Matured fruits Iridoids, Naphthoquinones, Flavonoids, Terpenes, Tannins, Steroids, Saponins and Caffeic acid.10
Lepidium sativum Brassicaceae Seeds Volatile essential aromatic oils, Fatty oils, Carbohydrate, Protein, Fatty acid, Vitamin B-carotene, Riboflavine, Niacin, Ascorbic acid, Flavonoids, Glycosides and Isothiocynates.11
Panax ginseng Araliacae Roots Saponin, glycosides, Ginsenosides (Dammarol), Panaxosides (Oleanolic acid) and Chikusetsu saponin. 4
Picrorhiza kurroa Royle Scrophulariaceae Rhizome
  1. 13
Pongamia pinnata Papilionaceae Flowers Flowers Pongamol, Protien, Alkaloids, Tannins, Sugar, Resin and Fatty oil (Karanjin). 4
Salviae radix Lamiaceae Whole plant Salvianolic acid A-G, Rosmarinic acid, Lithospermic acid, Isoferulic acid, Tanshinone I, IIA, IIB, Cryptotanshinone V-VI, Isotanshinones I-II,IIB and Hydroxytanshinones IIA. 4
Vernonia cinerea Compositae Aerial parts Triterpenoids like α-amyrin, β-amyrin and lupeol.14

 PLANTS CONTAINING PROTECTIVE ACTIVITY AGAINST GENTAMICIN INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY:

NAME OF THE PLANT FAMILY PARTS USED AND CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:

Name of the plant Family Parts used Chemical constituents
Aegle marmelos Rutaceaeae Leaves Aegeline, Agelinine, Rutin, Sterol, β-sitosterol, β-D-glucoside, Mamesinine, Lupeol, Tannins, Phlobatannins, Flavonoids, Umbelliferone, Quercetin and Volatile oils.15
Aerva lanata Amaranthaceae Whole plant Botulin,β-sitosterol, Amyrin, Plant Hentriacontane, Campesterol, Stigmasterol, Kaempferol, Propionic acid, β-carboline-I, Aervoside and Aervolanine.23
Bauhinia variegata Caesalpiniaceae Stem Stigmasterol, flavone glycosides, lupeol, kaempferol-3-glucoside, β-setosterol.22
Cassia auriculata Fabaceae Roots Tannins, Di-(2-ethyl) hexyl phthalate, Alkaloids, Resins, Ca2+ and Phosphorous. 24
Crataeva nurvula Capparidaceae Fruits Kaemferol-3-O-a-D-glucoside, Quercitin-3-O-a-D-glucoside, Flavonoids, Glucosinolates, Steroids, Lupeol and Tannins. 4
Emblica officinalis Euphorbiaceae Fruits Vitamin-C, Carotene, Nicotinic acid, Riboflavin, D-glucose, D-fructose, Myoinositol, a Pectin with D-galacturonic acid, Darabinosyl, D-xylosyl, L-rhamnosyl, G-glycosyl, D-manosyl, D-galactosyl, Embicol, Mucic and Phyllambic acid, Phellembin, Fatty acid, Leucodelphinidine, Procyanidin, 3-O-gallated Prodelphindin, Tannins, Ellagic acid, Lupeol and Oleanolic acid.4
Glycyrrhiza glabra Fabaceae Rhizomes Glycyrrhizin, Glyciyrrhizic acid, Glycosides, Steroids, Glucose, Sucrose, Resin, Starch and Essential oil. 4
Hygrophila spinosa Acanthaceae Whole plants Β-sitosterol, Lupeol, Minerals like Anders6 Plant Na, K, Ca, P and Poluphenols.16
Kalanchoe pinnata Pars Crassulaceae Leaves Leaf Alkanes, Tricontane, Alpha & Beta Amyrin, Beta-Sitosterol, Fumaric acid, Mallic acid, Citric Acid, Quercetin, Kaempferol, Calcium Sulphate and Calcium Oxalate.17
Morinda citrifolia L Rubiaceae Fruit Americanol A, 3, 31-bis dimethyl pinoresinol, Americanin A, Americanoic acid A, Morindolin and Isoprincepin. 18
Nigella sativa Ranunculaceae Whole plant Alanine, L-Spinasterol, Arabic acid, Arginine, Amino acid, Aspargine, Aspartic acid, Carvone, Cystine, Cholesterol, Glutamic acid, Linoleic acid, Linolenic acid, Melanthin, Myristic acid, Oleic acid and Tannins. 4
Ocimum sanctum Lamiaceae Leaves Eugenol, Eugenol methyl ether, Carvacrol, Caryophyllene, Ursolic acid, Apigenin, Luteolin, Ascorbic acid, Carotene, Alkaloids, Glycosides, Saponins and Tannins 19
Orthosiphon stamineus Laminaceae Whole plant Flavanoids, Phenols,Carbohydrates, Steroids, Tannins,Glycosides, Terpins and Saponins.19
Rhazya stricta Apocynaceae Leaves 1-carbomethoxy-β-carboline, Condyloacarpine and Vincanicine. 4
Solanum nigrum Solanaceae Whole plant Alkaloids, Reducing sugars, Glycosides, saponins, Steroids, Leutein, Lycopene, Vitamin-c, Glucose, Fructose, Caffeicsolasodine, Tamatidenol, Solamargine, Solasomine, Trigogenine, Pottasium, Sulphur, Calcium and Phosphorous. 4
Strychnos potatorum Loganiaceae Seeds Flavanoids, Phenols, Saponins, Alkaloids, Steroids, Tannins, Glycosides, and Lignins 20.
Tribulus sativus Zygophyllaceae Fruits Alkaloids, Harmine, Harman, Saponins, Steroidal Sapogenins (Diosgenin, Gitogenin, Chlorogenin and Ruscogenin), Flavanoids, Kaemferol, Tribuloside, Fixed oil, Resin, Essential oil and Nitrates. 4
Withania somnifera Solanaceae Roots Alkaloids (Somniferon), Withaminon, Wasamin, Sugars, Glycosides, Amino acids, Essential Oils, Withaniol, Hexatriacontane, Phyto sterol and oils. 4

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How to cite this article:

Gaikwad K, Dagle P, Choughule P, Joshi Y. M. and Kadam V. A Review on Some Nephroprotective Medicinal Plants. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2012; Vol. 3(7): 1000-1003.

 

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IJPSR

Kanchan Gaikwad*, Pradeep Dagle, Pushpalata Choughule, Y. M. Joshi, Vilasrao Kadam

Department of Pharmacology, Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Pharmacy, CBD Belapur Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

kanchan.gaikwad08@gmail.com

24 April, 2012

14 May, 2012

17 July, 2012

http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.3(8).2451-54

01 August, 2012

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