A REVIEW ON THE APPLICATION OF DRUG LOADED NANOCARRIERS, LIMITATIONS, FUTURE PERSPECTIVES AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

The central nervous system disorders represent a worldwide public health problem. Neurodegeneration is associated with many transitions in brain including synaptic disorder and neuro cognition decline. It is shielded by a barrier which controls the entry of compounds into the brain known as blood brain barrier (BBB), thereby regulating brain homeostasis. In achieving a therapeutic amount of drug to the proper site of action in the body and then maintaining the desired amount of drug concentration for a sufficient time interval to be clinically effective for treatment. Particularly, neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are becoming further established in the elderly inhabitants of the society. These ailments usually encompass advanced degeneration & neuronal loss, rendering these disorders spread and difficult to treat. There are various types of pharmaceutical approaches to treat neurological disorders. The drug loaded nanocarriers are one of them. In this review, we will address the different applications of drug loaded nanocarriers in the treatment of various neurological disorders. Moreover, integration of artificial intelligence with nanotechnology, as well as the advantages and problems of artificial intelligence in the development and optimization of nanocarriers, are also discussed, along with future perspectives. The nanocarriers developed to enhance drug delivery across the BBB, include micelles, exosomes, liposomes, nanotubes, nanoparticles, nano emulsions, dendrimers, nanogels, and quantum dots, etc. The recent developments in nanocarriers implementation through size/charge optimization and surface modifications like PEGylation, targeting delivery, and coating with surfactants have been discussed, and a detailed description of the nanoscale pharmaceutical delivery devices employed for the treatment of central nervous system disorders has also been defined. This review provides a brief overview of the variety of carriers employed for central nervous system drug and diagnostic probes delivery.