AN APPROACH TOWARDS THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION USING CARBON-BASED NANOMATERIALS AND METAL-BASED NANOPARTICLES: A MECHANISTIC REVIEW

Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary field of science that refers to the research and technology development at atomic, molecular, and macromolecular scales, which leads to the controlled manipulation and study of structures and devices with length scales that range from 1nm to 100 nm. During the past few decades, a surfeit of nanomaterials (NMs) and nanoparticles (NPs) has evolved and been evaluated for their potential to improve the clinical treatment and diagnosis of a patient as diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Real exposure has been generated around the probable effects of the NMs and NPs for novel therapeutic approaches against several diseases, including cancer, to cope with the threats of the malignant tumour. Few nanoparticles also exhibit strong antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and act as antibacterial agents for treating different bacterial infections. A wide variety of nanomaterials, both carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) such as graphene, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and metal nanoparticles (MNPs), including gold, silver, and zinc oxide with distinctive physicochemical properties, provides opportunities to be explored in the emerging field of nanomedicine. These NMs and NPs have attracted great interest in biomolecular imaging for diagnosis and theranostic approach to cancer. This review article addresses a great deal of potential application of novel NMs and NPs with their approach toward improved therapeutic interventions such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer.