BIOSORPTION OF As (III) BY ASPERGILLUS NIGER X300 USING COMPLEX NUTRIENT MEDIUM

BIOSORPTION OF As (III) BY ASPERGILLUS NIGER X300 USING COMPLEX NUTRIENT MEDIUM

S. Ganguly

Department of Biological Sciences, Sankrail Abhoy Charan High School (H.S.), Sankrail, Howrah, West Bengal, India

ABSTRACT:An experimental study was carried out to select a suitable complex nutrient medium for growth and As(III) biosorption by an As(III) resistant strain Aspergillus niger X300 .For this purpose different complex nutrient were examined one by one. The recommended complex nutrients (gm%) were corn steep liquir, 20; rice bran extract, 10; paddy soak liquir, 10; wheat bran extract, 15 beef extract, 30, meat extract, 2 0 potato scale extract, 15 and malt extract, 30.

Experimental, As (III) biosorption, Aspergillus niger X300_, Complex medium

INTRODUCTION: Microorganisms require nutrients as a source of energy and supply of constituents for their growth. Surveying the nutritional capabilities of a fungus is an endless task since every chemical found in living organism and a wide variety of manufactured and inorganic materials are potentially useful for satisfying the need of different fungi ¹. But such chemical nutrients are not cost effective.

Several naturally occurring by products like corn-steep liquor, rice bran extract, paddy soak liquir ,wheat bran extract, beef extract, meat extract, potato scale extract and malt extract etc. could be used for growth and metabolites production of different microorganism ^2-7.

Besides serving as carbon and nitrogen sources, complex nutrients contain a wide range of vitamins, amino acids, apart from the characteristic stimulator or inhibitor in them.

In the present study, the effect of a host of complex nutrients which are readily available in our country, have been probed into.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Microorganism: An experimentally developed As (III) resistant strain Aspergillus niger X₃₀₀ was used throughout the study ⁸.

Estimation of As (III): The concentration of As(III) in the broth was estimated by the method as reported by Cernansky et al., 2007 ⁹.

Estimation of dry cell / spore weight: Fungal cells /spores were filtered using Whatman No.1 filter paper and heated at 70^oC until it becomes dry and its weight was estimated by electronic weighing machine (ECELON MS- 2690) ¹⁰.

Statistical analysis: All data were expressed as Mean± SEM. Data were analysed by one way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc multiple comparison test considering p<0.05 as significant and p<0.01 as highly significant (using Prism 4.0).

Experiments were carried out in six sets using 250 ml Erlenmeyer conical flask, with pH, 4.5; temperature, 30^oC,  spore density, 7x 10⁸ spores or cells/ml; shaker speed, 200 rpm; volume of medium, 100ml; age of inoculum, 7 days and incubation period, 7 days ¹¹.

Composition of synthetic medium: The synthetic medium composed of glucose , 12% ; (NH₄)SO₄ , 0.8% ; K₂HPO₄ , 0.01% ; KH₂PO₄ , 0.01% ; CaCl₂. 2H₂O, 0.03%; NaCl, 0.02% ; MgSO₄.7H₂O ,0.03 µg/ml ; MnSO₄.4H₂0 , 0.02 µg/ml; FeSO₄.7H₂0,0.02 µg/ml and thiamine-HCl ,0.02µg/ml.

Preparation of complex nutrient media:

Preparation of rice bran and wheat bran extracts: 40 gm of each material was taken into 250 ml of warm distilled water separately. The suspension was kept at 28^oC for 48h. The extracts were filtered separately through cotton and evaporated to dryness under vacuum to recover solid content.

(i)     Preparation of corn steep liquir: About 150 gm of corn was taken into 300 ml distilled water and kept it for 24h at 28^oC. The extract was filtered through cotton and evaporated to dryness under vacuum to recover solid content.

(ii)   Preparation of paddy soak liquor: 100 gm paddy was added to 250 ml of distilled water and kept it at 28^oC for 24h. The extract was filtered through cotton and evaporated to dryness under vacuum to recover solid content.

(iii)Preparation of potato-scale extract: 50 gm of soybean was poured into 250 ml of distilled water and allowed it to swallow for 24h at 28^oC. The soaked water was extracted thoroughly and filtered through cotton. It was then dried for determination of solid content.

All the above mentioned complex nutrients were solid content in a sterile condition, but meat extract, beef extract and malt extract were added directly to the synthetic medium¹².

The effects of varying concentrations of each of the complex nutrients were examined on growth and As (III) biosorption by the mutant Aspergillus niger X₃₀₀.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The effect of individual complex nutrients and their combined effect on growth and biosorption of As (III) by Aspergillus niger X₃₀₀ were depicted in the following Tables 1- 9.

TABLE 1: EFFECT OF CORN-STEEP LIQUIR

(Values were expressed as Mean ± SEM, where n=6; **p<0.01, ⫵ stands for maximum bio sorption)

TABLE 2: RICE BRANE EXTRACT

(Values were expressed as Mean ± SEM, where n=6; and **p<0.01, ⫵ stands for maximum bio sorption)

 TABLE 3: PADDY SOAK LIQUIR

(Values were expressed as Mean ± SEM, where n=6; **p<0.01, ⫵ stands for maximum bio sorption)

TABLE 4: WHEAT BRANE EXTRACT

(Values were expressed as Mean ± SEM, where n=6; **p<0.01, ⫵ stands for maximum bio sorption)

TABLE 5: EFFECT OF BEEF EXTRACT

(Values were expressed as Mean ± SEM, where n=6;* *p<0.01, ⫵ stands for maximum bio sorption)

TABLE 6: EFFECT OF MEAT EXTRACT

(Values were expressed as Mean ± SEM, where n=6;* *p<0.01, ⫵ stands for maximum bio sorption)

TABLE 7: EFFECT OF POTATO SCALE EXTRACT

(Values were expressed as Mean ± SEM, where n=6; **p<0.01, ⫵ stands for maximum bio sorption)

 TABLE 8: EFFECT OF MALT EXTRACT

(Values were expressed as Mean ± SEM, where n=6;* *p<0.01, ⫵ stands for maximum bio sorption)

TABLE 9:  COMPARISON OF As(III) BIOSORPTION BY ASPERGILLUS NIGER X300 BETWEEN SYNTHETIC MEDIUM AND  COMPLEX NUTRIENT MEDIUM

(Values were expressed as Mean ± SEM, ** p<0.01 when compared to control)

In the present study , it was found that ,even though the synthetic medium was proved to be potentially more effective in As(III) biosorption by the mutant than complex nutrient medium but considering the cost effectiveness, a complex nutrient medium composed of (in gm%) corn steep liquir, 20; rice bran extract, 10; paddy soak liquir, 10; wheat bran extract, 15 beef extract,30,meat extract, 20 potato scale extract, 15 and malt extract, 30 can strong be recommended for satisfactory growth and As(III) biosorption by the As(III) resistant strain Aspergillus niger X_300.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: Special thanks to be given to the department of Chemical Engineering, University of Calcutta, Bose Institute, Kolkata, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, Department of Food technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University for their kind cooperation without which I could not finish the work.

REFERENCES

1. Price MS, Classen JJ, Payne GA, Aspergillus niger absorbs Copper and Zinc from swine waste water, Bioresource Technol., 2001, 77, 41-49.
2. Shu P, Johnson MJ. Effect of the Composition of the Sporulation Medium on Citric Acid Production by Aspergillus niger in Submerged Culture, J.Bacteriol, 1947; 54(2), 161–167
3. MOYER AJ. Effect of alcohols on the mycological production of citric acid in surface and submerged culture. II. Fermentation of crude carbohydrates, Appl.Microbiol. 1953; 1(1), 7–13
4. Wold WS, Suzuki I. Cyclic AMP and citric acid accumulation by Aspergillus niger. Biochem Biophys Res Commun., 1973, 23; 50(2),237–244
5. Hildegard K, Rumia G, and Yigal H,Citric Acid Fermentation by Aspergillus niger on Low Sugar Concentrations and Cotton Waste, Appl Environ Microbiol. 1981 ,42(1): 1–4
6. Ni X, Streett DA, Modulation of water activity on fungicide effect on Aspergillus niger growth in Sabouraud dextrose agar medium, Lett.Appl.Microbiol., 2005; 41(5): 428-33.
7.  MajumderL,Khalil I , Munshi MK, Alam K, Rashid HO , Begum R and Alam N ,Citric acid production by Aspergillus niger using molasses and pumpkin as substrates , Eur.J.Bio.Sci., 2010, 2(1),01-08.
8. Manjulata S, Cultural Physiology: Effect of culture medium and pH on the growth,sporulation and secondary metabolites production by Aspergillus umbrosus , Journal of Eco Biotechnol, 2011, 3(50) , 08-11.
9. Ganguly S, Selection of suitable fungus, development of arsenic resistant strain and kinetic analysis for As(III), Indian J.Appl Res., (Inpress).
10. Cernansky S, Urik M and Khan M, Biosorption and Biovoltalization of Arsenic by Heat resistant fungi, Environ. Sci. pollut. Res, 2007, 14, 31-35.
11. Ganguly S_,Optimization of Physical condition for As (III) biosorption by Aspergillus niger X_300. International Journal of Pharma medicine and Biosciences. (Inpress).
12. Ganguly S and Banik AK, Role of complex nutrients on production of L-glutamic acid by a mutant Micrococcus glutamicus AB₁₀₀, International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2011, 2(3), B68-B74.

How to cite this article:

Ganguly S: Biosorption of As (iii) by Aspergillus niger X300 using complex nutrient medium. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2013: 4(7); 2648-2651. doi: 10.13040/IJPSR. 0975-8232.4(7).2648-51

All © 2013 are reserved by International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. This Journal licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.