CHEMICAL VARIABILITY OF TITHONIA DIVERSIFOLIA (HEMSL.) A. GRAY LEAF AND STEM OIL FROM CÔTE D’IVOIRE

Tithonia diversifolia was collected from 27 localities of Côte d’Ivoire. The oils of the leaves and stems obtained by hydrodistillation using Clevenger-type apparatus have been studied by GC and GC-MS. The identified components accounted for 91.4% – 96.9% of leaves and 93% – 95.6% of stems. The content of the main components varied from sample to sample. α-pinene (0.9 – 47.4%), limonene (0.5 – 65.5%), (Z)-β-ocimene (0.0 – 35.9%) and 3-methyl-2 (2-methylbuthenyl) furan (0 – 94%) were noted as major components of the oil from the leaves. Whereas, the stem oil was rich in α-pinene (5.8 – 89.8%), sabinene (0. – 5.2%), β-pinene (0.3 – 10.5%), limonene (1.3 – 36.5%), (Z)-β-ocimene (0 – 39.3%), thymol (0 – 4%) and spathulenol (0.1 – 11.8%). Due to the chemical polymorphisme, the results of oil obtained from leaves and stems were submitted to hierarchical cluster, principal components analysis and discriminant factoriel analysis which allowed the distinction of two groups within the oil samples of each organ. According to the essential oil from the leaves, the composition of the oils of the first group (10 samples) was predominated by α-pinene, limonene and (Z)-β-ocimene, when the second group (17 samples) was rich in α-pinene, limonene, (Z)-β-ocimene and 3-methyl-2 (2-methylbuthenyl) furan. Concerning the stems oil, the group I (7 samples) was characterized by α-pinene, sabinene, β-pinene, limonene, (Z)-β-ocimene, thymol and spathulenol. The group II was dominated by α-pinene, limonene, (Z)-β-ocimene, β-pinene and sabinene