CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES FROM PERSEA AMERICANA SEEDS: ANTIDIABETIC FORMULATIONS & BIOACTIVITY ASSESSMENT

Avocado (Persea americana) seeds are an excellent source of antioxidants, and phenolic compounds were used to create green synthesis nanoparticles that were then incorporated into formulations for solid herbal tablets. The process of ionic gelation is used to synthesize biopolymer chitosan nanoparticles. The characterization was done by UV and FTIR spectroscopy. FTIR spectroscopy showed that chitosan nanoparticles included many functional groups. Pre- and post-compression experiments were conducted on a herbal tablet formulation made using the direct compression method. Biological activities like antidiabetics, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal studies were carried out using in-vitro method. Anti-diabetic activity resulted in an appreciable percentage inhibition of α-Amylase (99.82%), which is comparable with the standard metformin (86.05%). Antioxidant activity measured using DPPH method demonstrated the scavenging activity of herbal formulations (67.98%) and nanoparticles (58%), surpassing standard ascorbic acid (18%). The herbal formulation exhibited the largest percentage inhibition of anti-inflammatory action (77.79%) as determined by the human red blood cell membrane stabilization technique, and nanoparticles (70.38%) exceeding standard drug diclofenac (43.7%). The tablets that were developed demonstrated significant anti-bacterial and anti-fungal characteristics. This led to the development of a zone of inhibition that measured 20-25 mm for S. aureus, 23-27 mm for gram-negative bacteria such E. coli and S. typhi, and 20-25 mm for C. balantis. MTT assay performed to detect the cytotoxicity of fibroblast cells indicated cell viability higher than 100%. Avocado seed extract-based formulations have diverse bioactivities, making them potential candidates for diabetes management, antioxidant therapy, anti-inflammatory treatments, and combating infections.