DIGITAL SCREEN USE AND DRY EYE DISEASE: THE ROLE OF MUCINS, DIETARY NUTRIENTS AND PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS IN DRY EYE DISEASE RELIEF

Dry eye disease (DED) is one of the most common conditions in today’s digitalized society. DED is associated with decreased tear production, an unstable tear film, and ocular inflammation. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of digital screens (computers, laptops or smartphones) for work, study or entertainment has increased. As a result, the constant use of digital screens affects the eyes and makes everyone, including youth in the modern era, more susceptible to dry eye disease (DED). Alterations in mucin production are considered one of the most important causes contributing to dry eye disease. MUC5AC, a gel-forming mucin, acts as a surface active agent on the ocular surface and facilitates an evenly distributed tear film that moisturizes the conjunctival epithelium. The prolonged use of artificial tears and other allopathic medications results in specific adverse effects. Therefore, dietary nutrient intake and nutraceutical supplementation with active ingredients can be considered a safe and effective therapy for the treatment of dry eye disease. In conclusion, this review focused on some nutrients and active phytochemical constituents that enhance MUC5AC production in the treatment of dry eye disease.