EFFECTIVENESS OF POST-EXPOSURE ANTI-RETROVIRAL PROPHYLAXIS IN BABIES BORN TO HIV-POSITIVE MOTHERS AT GOA MEDICAL COLLEGE: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

Vertical transmission remains a major contributor to paediatric HIV infections despite significant advancements in antenatal care and the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). These measures have successfully reduced mother-to-child transmission rates, yet non-compliance with prescribed regimens continues to pose significant challenges. This retrospective study evaluates the effectiveness and safety of PEP in infants born to HIV-positive mothers at Goa Medical College from 2015 to 2022.A total of 97 infants born to HIV-positive mothers were included in the analysis. The study revealed a vertical transmission rate of 2.1%, with two infants testing positive for HIV. Both positive cases were associated with maternal non-compliance, either due to delayed initiation of ART or incomplete administration of PEP to the infant. No significant adverse effects of PEP were observed, indicating its safety and tolerability. The findings underscore the critical role of maternal adherence to ART and strict implementation of PEP protocols in preventing HIV transmission. Comprehensive counselling and robust support systems are essential to address compliance issues and optimize the efficacy of these interventions. Overall, this study reaffirms that PEP, when properly administered, is a safe and effective strategy for reducing vertical HIV transmission.