EFFICACY OF SECURIDACA LONGEPEDUNCULATA ON THE PARAMETERS OF BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL AND PULSE RATE OF ENVENOMED ALBINO RATS

The study was undertaken to investigate the in vivo activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Violet plant, Securideca longepedunculata leaves and root bark against snake venom of Naja nigricollis and blood glucose level along with pulse rate in experimental albino rats. Healthy adult albino rats weighing 250-300g were used and randomly divided into five groups for in vivo anti-snake venom activity. Extracts were prepared using two hundred grams (200g) from the dried plant material in 1000 ml of ethanol and water (solvent). The pulse rate was determined using Blood Pressure (B.P.) machine before and after administering the glucose. Statistical significance was determined by one-way analysis of variance ANOVA with SPSS 16.0 Version, followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range. The results indicated that organic extract has the highest percentage (20.20%) yield for the leaves and 11.86% for the root bark extract. The percentage yield of ethanol extract is significantly higher (M+SD 2.5+1.48) than the aqueous extraction. Potentials activity of the plant extract revealed that combined root bark with leaf extracts are able to neutralize snake venom at 200 and 300mg/kg body weight with 100% survival. The plant extracts showed significant effect (P<0.05) on blood glucose level, on leaf (1.79 and 1.69%), root bark (1.91 and 64.33%), combined root bark and leaves extracts (1.82 and 1.25%) at all the concentrations of the PR1 and a decreased of the blood glucose level at PR2 respectively. The blood glucose level increase with a mean of 77.66 and 73.00% before administration, and 69.66 and 65.66% after administering glucose. But, in combined leaves and root bark extracts showed no significant. Snake venom had significant effect on the blood glucose level of the treated rats. The extracts used in this research indicated a potential activity at 200 and 300 mg/kg concentrations of the glucose administered, with reduced blood glucose level and pulse rate in the laboratory animals. Further study is needed to determine the mechanism of action for the active component and phytochemical metabolites responsible for anti snake venom and anti diabetic properties of the plant.