EMERGING BIOMARKERS FOR CARDIOMETABOLIC DISORDERS

Cardiometabolic disorders, encompassing cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and obesity, represent a significant global health burden. This comprehensive review explores emerging biomarkers that offer promising avenues for improving diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of these complex conditions. We focus on twelve novel biomarkers: growth hormone-15 (GH-15), CD40, ST2, interleukin-6 (IL-6), heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), neuregulin-1 (NRG-1), copeptin, adropin, preptin, irisin, and galectin-3 (Gal-3). Each biomarker is examined in terms of its biological role, potential clinical applications, and evaluation methods. These biomarkers reflect various pathophysiological processes, including inflammation, fibrosis, metabolic dysregulation, and cardiac remodeling, providing insights into the complex mechanisms underlying cardiometabolic disorders. Clinical applications range from early diagnosis and risk stratification to monitoring disease progression and treatment response. Some biomarkers, such as NRG-1 and irisin, also represent potential therapeutic targets. Despite their promise, challenges remain in translating these biomarkers into clinical practice. These include the need for standardization of assay methods, integration with existing risk assessment tools, and validation through longitudinal studies. Future directions in this field involve developing multimarker panels, point-of-care testing, and personalized medicine approaches. As research progresses, these emerging biomarkers are expected to play an increasingly important role in the personalized management of cardiometabolic disorders, potentially improving patient outcomes and reducing the global burden of these diseases.