ETHNOMEDICINAL PLANTS FOR PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER: A REVIEW

ETHNOMEDICINAL PLANTS FOR PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER: A REVIEW

C. H. Nagaprashanthi*, M. Kannan, M. Karthikeyan and M. A. Aleemuddin

Faculty of Pharmacy, PRIST University, Thanjavur-614901, Tamil Nadu, India

ABSTRACT:The plant kingdom plays a major role in the life of human beings and animals. A great deal of Pharmacological research has considerably improved the quality of herbal drugs in cancer treatment. Phytochemical tests in Pharmacognosy, structure elucidation in medicinal chemistry and various screening procedures in pharmacology helped to boost immune system in the body against cancer as breast cancer is the most serious problem in Oncology and fifth most leading cause of mortality in developed and also developing countries. Scientists have contributed number of years to investigate a remedy with no side effects and interested in finding a potent phytotherapeutic agent from herbs for this disease. They performed several research works by taking the active principles of many herbs and developed various herbal formulations which inhibit growth and spread of breast cancer on the metastatic phase stage IV. Some important ethanomedicinal plants (indigenous system of medicine) evidenced for breast cancer by scientific study have been discussed here.

INTRODUCTION: It has been well recognized that allopathic anti cancer drugs have more side effects and are cytotoxic to human beings ¹. Since this modern medicine has no effective cure for cancer, scientists are intended to investigate different source of medicines with effective cure and no side effects ². Recent pharmacological studies have been contributed in discovering new drugs using ethnomedicinal plants to treat several types of cancers like breast cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, ovarian cancer, etc.

It has been reported that one in four new cancers diagnosed worldwide each year is a breast cancer in females ³. Certain changes (mutations) in DNA can cause normal breast cells to become cancer. In breast cancer mutation always occurs in breast lobules which manufacture milk and in ducts that carry milk to the nipple. For instance, BRCA1 and BRCA2 are tumor suppressor genes when they are mutated; cancer is more likely to develop ⁴.

This review article contains the information regarding the plants having the medicinal value to treat the breast cancer. Most of the medicinal plants have versatile immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties which show protective effect against breast cancer. Many investigations reported that antioxidant property is due to presence of active phyto-constituents such as vitamins (e.g., A, C, E and K), carotenoids, terpenoids, flavonoids (e.g., anthocyanins, catechins, flavones, flavonones and isoflavones),  polyphenols (e.g., gallic acid, ellagic acid and tannins), enzymes (e.g., superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase), minerals (e.g., copper, manganese, zinc and iodine), alkaloids, poly-saccharides, saponins, lignins, xanthones and certain pigments ^{1, 4, 5, 6, 7}.

The objective of the review article is to share the information regarding the plants having the medicinal value to treat the breast cancer to the society.

Some important Medicinal Plants used for Breast Cancer Treatment: The search for anti-cancer agents from plant sources started in the late 1950’s with the discovery and development of Vinca alkaloids ²⁸. Sixty percent of currently used anticancer agents are derived from natural sources. Therefore the usage of Ethnopharmacology or traditional herbs shows the pathway for the discovery of biologically active molecules ⁵³. In the drug discovery, many modern drugs have their origin in traditional medicine of different cultures. Hence, despite the advantages of the synthetic and combinatorial chemistry as well as molecular modeling, medicinalplants remain an important source of new drugs ⁹.

Herbal medicines are relatively simple, although they are not quite well understood and distinct from modern medicine with no side effects and effective therapeutic effect. Doctors also recommend that several vegetables and fruits can reduce the risk of getting breast cancer ¹. It has been estimated that diets rich in phytochemicals can reduce cancer. Diet has a major role in the etiology of breast cancer ⁸. In this review article, we report the information gathered from books, articles and journals related to traditional medicinal plants.

 SOME IMPORTANT PLANTS USED FOR BREAST CANCER TREATMENT ^9-77:

 ACKNOWLEDGMENT: The authors are thankful to all those editors/authors of all those articles, journals, books from where the information for this article has been reviewed and discussed

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