EVALUATION OF ANTI-ALZHEIMER ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ORIGANUM VULGARE LEAVES IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS

Alzheimer’s disease, the most frequent cause of dementia, is a major global health concern with enormous societal and individual ramifications. Some of the hallmarks linked with AD include a decrease in acetylcholine (ACh) levels in the synapse, the buildup of extracellular beta-amyloid plaques, and tau protein intraneuronal tangles. Low levels of ACh have been linked to memory and reasoning problems. Plaques may disrupt signal transmission from neuron to neuron, resulting in cell death, whereas tau tangles obstruct the passage of vitamins and other essential nutrients within neurons. The efficacy of an ethanolic extract of Origanum vulgare leaves (OVE) against scopolamine-induced Alzheimer’s disease in Wistar albino rats was investigated in this work. OVE was given to rats at doses of 100 mg/kg body weight, 200 mg/kg body weight, and 300 mg/kg body weight at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg. Morris water maze, Novel object recognition test, and Y-maze were used to examine anti-Alzheimer activity, as well as biochemical tests such as neurotransmitter Acetyl cholinesterase activity, catalase activity, malonyl dialdehyde and Nitric oxide assays. The results showed that extract administration inhibits Alzheimer’s disease and boosts acetylcholine and catalase levels, while phytochemical tests revealed the presence of Phenolic chemicals, flavonoids and alkaloids in the OVE. As a result, Origanum vulgare leaves extract appears to be a promising candidate for improving learning and memory, as well as for treating amnesia and Alzheimer’s disease.