EVALUATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF CALLUS TISSUE FROM INTERNODE EXPLANTS OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL PLANTS OF JATROPHA GOSSYPIIFOLIA LINN.

Jatropha gossypiifolia Linn. (Euphorbiaceae) is an ornamental shrub extensively used in traditional medicine for various ailments. In view of its potential medicinal properties, an attempt has been undertaken to devise an efficient protocol for in-vitro propagation from the internodes explants of J. gossypiifolia for a rapid and large-scale production as well as to study the phytochemical composition by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Further, the petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts of callus tissue were subjected to thin-layer chromatography (TLC) as well as for synthesizing silver and gold nanoparticles. The five bands resolved by TLC chromatogram were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and screened for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Internode region of the one-year-old plant was used as explants. Internodal explants are cultured on Murashige and Skoog  (MS) medium containing Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) both at a concentration of 1.0 mg/L-1 induced the formation of callus between 14-18 days. This combination produced mature cream-colored calli by day 35.  Explants growing on MS medium fortified with 2,4-D and benzyl amino purine (BAP), both a concentration of 2.0 mg/L-1 for 35 days, revealed compact light green calli due to greenish pigmentation. Silver and gold nanoparticles as well as the 3^rd and 4^th bands of TLC by using the ethyl acetate extracts of callus tissue, revealed antibacterial activity. The 3rd and 4th bands of TLC bands obtained by using petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts of callus tissue revealed antioxidant activity. A total of 31 compounds were obtained in GC-MS analysis, which belongs to different chemical classes. Among them, phytol, hexadecanoic acid, squalene, 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, 2-(acetyloxy)-1-[(acetyloxy)methyl]ethyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)-, 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol, 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 2,3-bis(acetyloxy)propyl ester and phthalic acid were some of the major compounds. The presence of these compounds in the callus tissue indicates that they are promising candidates for therapeutic use.