FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CIPROFLOXACIN NIOSOME GEL FOR OCULAR DELIVERY

This study aimed to formulate and evaluate ciprofloxacin-loaded niosomes for sustained ocular drug delivery and enhanced bioavailability by increasing residence time in the eye. Niosomes were prepared via thin film hydration using Tween 80, 60, and 20 at three different concentrations, keeping cholesterol and drug ratios constant. These vesicles were assessed for drug encapsulation efficiency and in-vitro release. Among the formulations, Tween 60-based niosomes in a 1:1 ratio with cholesterol (F4) showed superior drug entrapment and release in phosphate buffer saline (PBS). F4 was incorporated into Carbopol 940 gel base to enhance ocular retention. The resulting gel demonstrated suitable viscosity, pH, and a mean vesicle size of 203.7 ± 1.3 nm with a PDI of 0.337 ± 0.2 and positive zeta potential, indicating uniformity and stability. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) analysis confirmed the spherical shape of the vesicles. In-vitro release studies indicated zero-order kinetics, with the Higuchi model suggesting diffusion-controlled release. The Korsemeyer-Peppas model yielded an ‘n’ value above 0.5, indicating non-Fickian diffusion involving both diffusion and polymer matrix relaxation. Stability testing as per ICH (International Conference on Harmonization) guidelines showed minimal drug degradation under refrigerated conditions, confirming the formulation’s stability. The Draize eye irritation test performed in rabbits showed no signs of redness, swelling, or irritation in the cornea, iris, or conjunctiva, establishing the formulation’s safety. Overall, the findings support niosomal gel as a promising carrier for sustained ocular delivery of ciprofloxacin, with potential to enhance therapeutic efficacy, reduce dosing frequency, and improve patient compliance.