FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF LINAGLIPTIN BUCCAL ADHESIVE TABLETS FOR TYPE-II DIABETES
HTML Full TextFORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF LINAGLIPTIN BUCCAL ADHESIVE TABLETS FOR TYPE-II DIABETES
V. Rama Rao, P. Ravi * and K. E. Pravallika
University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur -522510, Andhra Pradesh, India.
ABSTRACT: Last few decades, the remarkable advancement in the drug delivery system has been done; the oral route remains the importance and picks up the safest route of drug delivery. Regardless of striking advancements in the oral route medication, the current study focused on the formulation of a linagliptin buccal adhesive tablet. Formulated tablets are containing linagliptin as an active drug with a combination of different polymers such as carbopol (CP), eudragit RL-100 (EU), sodium alginate (SA) at different compositions with an impermeable backing layer of ethyl cellulose (EC). The formulation was carried out by direct compression, and tablets were evaluated by different parameters for pre and post-compression study. The post-compression evaluation parameters are weight variation test, hardness, thickness, friability, drug content, swelling index, pH followed by in-vitro drug release studies at pH 6.8. Compatibility study between drug-polymerr interactions was investigated by FTIR studies. Formulation F6, which contains a high concentration of EU provides maximum prolong the release of linagliptin among all other formulations. Formulation F6 has shown better control of drug release 100% at 12 h. Obtained results concluded that the composition of hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymers at different ratios could be a good matrix for controlling the release rate of linagliptin buccal adhesive tablet in a prolong manner and bypass hepatic metabolism to improve bioavailability of linagliptin. In-vitro release kinetic study carried out for all the formulations and followed diffusion and erosion mechanism.
Keywords: |
Antidiabetic, Linagliptin, Buccal drug delivery, Sustained-release, Antidiabetic
INTRODUCTION: Oral route drug delivery system having its significance, ease in the intake, and very convenient for the clinician. Many drugs which are prohibited by the oral route because of enzymatic degradation in GIT, irritation or pain for stomach and low absorption. Buccal route having a better advantage over the oral route and avoid hepatic first-pass metabolism and improve the bioavailability of the drug 1, 2.
Due to the better absorption, rapid onset of action, and easy accessibility of the buccal route considered as the potential site for drug administration. The buccal route is more advantageous as compared to inhalation, transdermal route, parenteral route etc. 3. Buccal adhesion generally adhere the dosage to the buccal mucosal layer and absorb the drug in presence of saliva to the systemic circulation. In the modern era, this is the new innovative approach where the attachment of a drug could be possible with a suitable carrier. Buccal adhesive tablets have a wide scope of application for both systemic and local applications 4. The intimate contact of the tablet to the membrane due to its bioadhesive property imparts a bond between biological surface or between synthetic and biological surface helps in penetrating the drug to the tissue or mucous membrane 5, 6. In bioadhesive formulations, the polymer itself containing adhesive property, stick to the site of mucus membrane and release the medicament in a steady manner without any disturbances 7, 8.
Ideal polymers for buccal adhesive drug delivery should have high molecular weight, chemically inert in nature, high concentrated grade, hydrogen bonding, and hydration property 9. In our study, we have used a combination of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers with hydrogel property to prolong the release rate of active drug. The bioadhesive hydrophilic polymers are water-loving in nature. The dry form of this polymer, when applied to the buccal cavity attracts water from the saliva and forms a strong interaction with water molecule. The polymers became more viscous due to the hydration and increase retention time over mucus membrane 10 and prolong the release of the drug.
Linagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, developed by Boehringer ingelheim for type-II diabetes treatment. It comes under biopharma-ceutical classification system (BCS)-III and shows high solubility and low permeability. The bioavailability of the drug also very low 30%. Type II diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder, and its occurrence spread throughout the world. The significance of the disease gradually increasing due to the lack of advanced treatment, particularly in poorly undeveloped countries. World Health Organization (WHO) reports revealed that India is one of the leading countries having an increasing number of patients of type II diabetes 11.
The aim of the current research was to formulate and evaluate of linagliptin buccal adhesive tablet by incorporating different polymers at a different ratio to control the release rate of active drug. The pre-formulation study has been performed between active drug and a different ration of individual polymers and excipients. Drug and polymer compatibility study performed by FTIR analysis. Post-compression study for all formulations has been carried out, followed by an in-vitro drug release study and release kinetic study.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Materials: Linagliptin, carbopol, and eudragit RL-100 were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, India. Sodium alginate and PVP K-30 analytical research-grade were purchased from the Nice laboratory, India. Similarly, ethylcellulose, talc, magnesium stearate, and remaining excipients were of analytical research-grade and used as received from Divya Chemicals, India.
Formulation of Linagliptin Buccal Adhesive Tablets: The tablets were prepared by direct compression method, using different combinations of polymers Table 1. The ingredients of the core layer of different combinations were accurately weighed and mixed in a mortar and pestle to obtain a homogeneous mixture. The obtained mixture was then passed through 60 µm mesh. Hydraulic press was used at a pressure of 15 psig using flat faced punch of 9 mm diameter for compression 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. The buccal adhesive tablets were prepared using CP, EU, SA polymers as individually and at different compositions shown in Table 1.
The effect of individual polymers and their compositions at different ratios has been studied considering the % of drug release. Ethylcellulose used as a backing layer, which works as an impermeable membrane from all sides except one.
TABLE 1: FORMULATION OF LINAGLIPTIN CONTAINING BUCCAL MUCOADHESIVE TABLET (%)
Drug | CP | EU-RL-100 | SA | PVP | Talc | MS (%) | EC | |
Batch no. | (%) | (%) | (%) | (%) | K-30 | (%) | (Backing layer) | |
F1 | 5 | 30 | - | - | 15 | 5 | 5 | 40 |
F2 | 5 | 30 | - | 15 | 5 | 5 | 40 | |
F3 | 5 | 30 | 15 | 5 | 5 | 40 | ||
F4 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 15 | 5 | 5 | 40 |
F5 | 5 | 20 | 5 | 5 | 15 | 5 | 5 | 40 |
F6 | 5 | 5 | 20 | 5 | 15 | 5 | 5 | 40 |
F7 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 20 | 15 | 5 | 5 | 40 |
Pre-Compression Study:
Bulk Density: Bulk density is the ratio of the mass by the volume of an untapped powder sample. The bulk density is measured in g/ml. The bulk density depends on both the density of the powder particles and on the arrangement of the powder particles. The bulk density influence preparation, storage of the sample. The mathematical representation is given below.
Bulk density = Weight of the drug / Bulk volume
Tapped Density: In tapped density, the bulk powder mechanically tapped in a graduated cylinder until the change in volume is observed. Here the tapped density is calculated as mass divided by the final volume of the powder.
Tapped density = Weight of the granules / Tapped volume
Angle of Repose: It gives an idea of the flowability of a powder or a bulk solid. There is some factor which responsible for the flowability of powders such as particle size, size distribution, shape, surface area, etc. Flowability of the powder depending on the different environment and can be changed easily. The angle of repose was calculated by the following formula.
θ = tan-1 h/r
Where, θ = angle of repose, h = height of the formed cone. r = radius of the circular base on the formed cone.
Carr’s Index: It is one of the most important parameters to characterize the nature of powders and granules.
Carr’s index (%) = Tapped density - Bulk density / Tapped density × 100 Hausner’s ratio
It is an important character to determine the flow property of powder and granules. This can be calculated by the following formula.
Hausner’s ratio = Tapped density / Bulk density
Values less than 1.25 indicate good flow, and greater than 1.25 indicates poor flow.
Weight Variation: Twenty tablets were selected randomly from each formulation. Individually weighed tablets and then collectively, the average weight of the tablets was calculated, then weight variation was calculated.
Hardness: The hardness of the tablets was determined using a Monsanto hardness tester. Hardness is one of the important factors in having a significant role in transportation. The hardness of ten tablets was measured using Pfizer hardness tester. It is expressed in kg/cm2.
Thickness: The thickness and diameter of the prepared tablets were evaluated with the help of Vernier calipers and screw gauge.
Friability: The tablets were tested for friability testing using Roche friabilator. For this test, twenty tablets from each formulation have been selected. All tablets weighed properly and subjected to the friabilator plastic chamber, revolving at 25 rpm for 4 min, and the tablets were then dusted and reweighed. The friability was then calculated using the formula.
% loss = Initial wt. of tablets - Final wt. of tablets × 100 / Initial wt. of tablets
Drug Content Estimation: Twenty tablets were crushed into powder, the quantity of powder equivalent to average weight of formulation was weighed and taken in a volumetric flask dissolved in 15 ml of methanol, the solution is filtered through Whatman filter paper, from this 1 ml of solution is withdrawn and after suitable dilution analyzed by UV spectrophotometer at 296 nm.
% Swelling Study: Buccal tablets were weighed individually (W1) and placed in buffer solution pH 6.8 in a petridish at room temperature. The tablets were removed from the petridish at regular intervals of time and excess water removed from the surface carefully using filter paper. The swollen tablet was then reweighed (W2), and the swelling index was calculated using following formula 17.
% SI = Final weight (W2) – Initial weight (W1) × 100 / Initial weight (W1)
Surface pH: Surface pH studies were carried out in order to find out any side effects or any irritation. This has to be due to the alkaline or acidic pH, which could irritate buccal mucosa.
In-vitro Drug Release: The USP type II dissolution apparatus was used to find out the % of drug release at a regular interval of time from the buccal cavity. The dissolution medium consists of 900 ml of phosphate buffer pH 6.8. The temperature was maintained at 37 ± 0.5 °C, at a revolution per minute 100 rpm. The impermeable layer or the backing layer of the tablet was attached to a glass slide with instant adhesive. The slide was put in the bottom of the dissolution vessel so that the tablet surface stayed on the upper side of the slide. Dissolution was carried out, and a regular interval of time 5 ml of sample is pipetted and the same amount of fresh buffer medium replaced in the basket. The collected samples were analyzed under UV Spectrophotometer at 296 nm with suitable dilution. Phosphate buffer pH 6.8 chosen as a blank for the detection of absorbance 13, 15 Pharmacokinetic modelings of drug dissolution profile
In order to examine the release mechanism of the drug from the tablets, the in-vitro drug release data of linagliptin was carried out for all the formulations with the following release models mentioned below 18, 19, 20.
- Zero-order: Mt = Mo± Kot
- First-order: ln Mt = ln Mo± K1t
- Higuchi model: Mt = KH √t
- Korsmeyer–Peppas model: Mt/Mo = Kktn
Where Mt is the amount of drug dissolved at time t, Mo the initial amount of drug, K1 is the first-order release constant, K0 the zero-order release constant, KH the Higuchi rate constant, Kk the Korsmeyer–Peppas model release constant and n is the diffusional release exponent indicative of the operating release mechanism. The correlation coefficient (R2) value was used as an indicator of the best fitting for each of the models considered.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
Pre-formulation Study for all Formulations: Bulk density and tapped density mainly depends on the nature of the compound and its size. These properties of a compound may vary due to the crystallization, milling or in the formulation. It also provides true knowledge of the size of the final dosage form. The density of the solid also affects their compression and flow property after final production. The Precompression results of linagliptin have been reported in Table 2. The bulk density of the formulations was found to be 0.299 to 0.455 gm/ml, tapped density shows the range between 0.27 to 0.46 gm/ml, angle of repose between the range of 24.01 to 30.21, carr’s index within the range of 13.93 to 22.11 and Hauser’s ratio value lies between 1.02 to 1.13. Obtained results were within limits and observed excellent flow properties.
TABLE 2: PRE-FORMULATION STUDY FOR LINAGLIPTIN FORMULATIONS (F1 TO F7)
Pre-compression Parameters | F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | F5 | F6 | F7 |
Bulk density | 0.299±0.01 | 0.321±0.08 | 0.343±0.11 | 0.371±1.02 | 0.402±0.07 | 0.441±1.24 | 0.455±0.29 |
Tapped density | 0.39±0.73 | 0.27±1.52 | 0.45±0.91 | 0.29±1.72 | 0.43±0.83 | 0.41±0.51 | 0.46±0.31 |
Angle of repose | 27.21±0.1 | 24.01±0.72 | 29.8±0.09 | 25.32±0.11 | 27.09±0.84 | 24.01±0.02 | 30.21±0.05 |
Carr’s index | 17.33±0.76 | 22.11±0.03 | 18.07±1.99 | 15.71±1.09 | 14.03±1.71 | 13.93±0.04 | 16.01±0.02 |
Hausner’s ratio | 1.13±0.06 | 1.11±0.01 | 1.09±0.02 | 1.13±0.01 | 1.02±0.03 | 1.03±0.02 | 1.08±0.03 |
FTIR Study: Drug compatibility is a very important factor in maintaining the safety, effectiveness, and physical appearance of the active drug. The drug-polymer mixtures were taken, and their compatibility was performed.
FIG. 1: FTIR SPECTRA OF PURE LINAGLIPTIN
The FTIR spectrum of individual polymers (Carbopol, eudragit, and sodium alginate), drug (Linagliptin), and drug combined with individual polymers have shown in Fig. 1 to 7. The obtained result reveals that individual polymers and linagliptin shows different spectra that are different from each other.
Whenever the drug-polymer combination has been taken into consideration, it is observed that there is no shifting or change in the spectra of linagliptin. The FTIR spectra confirmed that there is no interaction between drug-polymer and reported polymers that are compatible with the active drug.
FIG. 2: FTIR SPECTRA OF CARBOPOL
FIG. 3: FTIR SPECTRA OF EUDRAGIT RL-100
FIG. 4: FTIR SPECTRA OF SODIUM ALGINATE
FIG. 5: FTIR SPECTRA OF LINAGLIPTIN AND CARBOPOL
FIG. 6: FTIR SPECTRA OF LINAGLIPTIN AND EUDRAGIT
FIG. 7: FTIR SPECTRA OF LINAGLIPTIN AND SODIUM ALGINATE
Post-compression Study of Linagliptin Buccal Tablets: Linagliptin buccal adhesive tablets (Formulation F1-F7) were evaluated for their physicochemical properties that play a vital role in the drug release pattern. A comparison of physico-chemical properties of all the formulations is listed in Table 3. The weight variation was found to be within the limit of ± 7%. The average weight for all formulations was found to be in the range of 148 to 152 mg. The measurement of thickness has been carried out by Vernier caliper. Thickness is an important parameter which helps in ease of swallowing of tablets. Obtained results concluded that uniform thickness has been observed for all formulations and found within the range of 2.28 to 3.31 mm. The formulated tablets passed through the hardness and friability tests as per the standard limits, the hardness ranging from 5.61 to 6.91, and the percentage of friability obtained below 1%. The friability and hardness of the tablet are directly implicated to the strength of the tablet and an important factor in controlling the damage during the transportation and handling of the tablet. Similarly, drug content%, swelling index %, and surface pH for all the formulation lies in the range between 98 to 100.5%, 78 to 98%, and 5.99 to 6.82, respectively. Eudragit based formulation has shown less swelling as compared to carbopol and sodium alginate. Obtained results confirm that evaluation parameters are within the limit as per Indian pharmacopeia for all the formulations.
TABLE 3: POST-COMPRESSION PARAMETERS FOR LINAGLIPTIN BUCCAL ADHESIVE TABLETS FORMULATION F1-F7
Formulation | Tablet Weight variation (mg) | Tablet Hardness
(kg/cm2) |
Tablet Thickness
(mm) |
Tablet Friability (%) | Drug content (%) | %
Swelling |
Surface pH |
F1 | 148.33±2.11 | 6.02±0.17 | 2.97±1.03 | 0.37±0.51 | 99.09±0.15 | 98 | 6.71±0.08 |
F2 | 150.11±1.06 | 6.91±0.04 | 3.31±0.93 | 0.3±0.09 | 98.01±0.06 | 78 | 5.91±0.03 |
F3 | 149.03±1.7 | 5.61±0.01 | 2.28±0.37 | 0.58±0.37 | 100.3±0.91 | 97 | 6.82±0.11 |
F4 | 151.09±1.91 | 5.89±1.02 | 2.96±0.09 | 0.43±0.09 | 99.87±0.93 | 89 | 5.99±0.01 |
F5 | 152.13±0.01 | 5.61±1.03 | 3.31±0.01 | 0.81±0.03 | 99.92±0.73 | 95 | 6.71±0.9 |
F6 | 150.11±1.37 | 5.91±0.97 | 2.99± 0.48 | 0.39±0.08 | 98.85±0.81 | 87 | 6.53±0.06 |
F7 | 150.92±2.02 | 6.09±0.3 | 3.01±0.31 | 0.76±0.06 | 100.5±0.93 | 94 | 6.81±0.01 |
Results are expressed as of mean ±SD (n=3)
In-vitro Drug Release: The dissolution was carried out triplicate by utilizing the diffusion medium Phosphate buffer with the pH 6.8. The percentage of drug release for all linagliptin buccal adhesive formulations F1 to F7 ranged from 95% to 100.63% at the end of 12 h. Maximum drug release in a controlled manner was observed in the formulation F6 after 12 h. The reason for maximum release may be due to the combination of different polymers at different concentration and the viscosity nature of polymers. Eudragit RL-100 as a hydrophobic polymer, prolongs the release rate of the linagliptin up to 12 h. High viscosity nature of carbopol with its gelling nature control the release rate of linagliptin whereas sodium alginate as a swelling polymer creates pores in the polymer matrix and release linagliptin from the core of the buccal tablet in a steady manner. Ethylcellulose used as a baking layer and considered an impermeable layer to stop the release of the drug. Used polymers played a significant role in the preparation of buccal adhesive tablet by controlling the release rate of linagliptin and provide a steady plasma drug concentration. Drug release % were calculated for linagliptin buccal adhesive tablet formulations F1 to F7 shown in Table 4 and Fig. 8.
FIG. 8: IN-VITRO DRUG RELEASE OF LINAGLIPTIN BUCCAL ADHESIVE TABLET (FORMULATIONS F1-F7)
TABLE 4: IN-VITRO DISSOLUTION PROFILE FOR LINAGLIPTIN BUCCAL ADHESIVE TABLET FORMULATIONS F1- F7
Formulation | 60 | 120 | 180 | 240 | 300 | 360 | 420 | 480 | 540 | 600 | 660 | 720 |
min | min | min | min | min | min | min | min | min | min | min | min | |
(1h) | (2h) | (3h) | (4h) | (5h) | (6h) | (7h) | (8h) | (9h) | (10h) | (11h) | (12h) | |
F1 | 26.33 | 33.81 | 49.71 | 64.71 | 76.22 | 85.18 | 90.33 | 97.19 | - | - | - | - |
F2 | 19.56 | 26.34 | 35.12 | 44.77 | 53.82 | 65.12 | 74.17 | 82.21 | 90.87 | 95.22 | 95.02 | - |
F3 | 27.31 | 37.11 | 48.32 | 57.68 | 68.35 | 81.39 | 93.12 | 99.32 | - | - | - | - |
F4 | 23.56 | 31.34 | 44.12 | 56.77 | 71.82 | 78.12 | 86.17 | 89.21 | 95.87 | 100.63 | - | - |
F5 | 17.32 | 25.34 | 34.81 | 46.21 | 57.32 | 66.81 | 78.38 | 83.31 | 89.91 | 98.29 | ||
F6 | 19.45 | 25.61 | 34.27 | 47.71 | 61.87 | 71.52 | 78.22 | 84.32 | 90.31 | 93.21 | 97.73 | 100.2 |
F7 | 21.31 | 33.09 | 42.98 | 51.37 | 64.8 | 77.22 | 84.53 | 91.09 | 96.01 | 99.93 | - | - |
Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Drug Dissolution Profile: Keeping in mind the end goal to decide the correct system of medication discharge from the formulation, the in-vitro dissolution studies were assessed by zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, and Peppa's equations. The standard of picking the most proper model was in accordance with the highest R2 value as the best fit. The results are shown in Table 5. Drug release is both diffusions, and erosion-controlled mechanism observed in all formulations F1 to F7.
TABLE 5: RELEASE KINETICS OF LINAGLIPTIN BUCCAL ADHESIVE TABLET (FORMULATIONS F1-F7)
Formulation | Zero-order plots | First-order plots | Higuchi plots | Korsmeyer-peppas plots r2 | Diffusional exponent (n) | Order of release |
F1 | 0.998 | 0.879 | 0.887 | 0.999 | 0.9095 | Diffusion & Erosion |
F2 | 0.782 | 0.897 | 0.988 | 0.989 | 0.927 | Diffusion & Erosion |
F3 | 0.887 | 0.983 | 0.991 | 0.966 | Diffusion | |
F4 | 0.902 | 0.863 | 0.927 | 0.998 | 0.979 | Diffusion & Erosion |
F5 | 0.911 | 0.917 | 0.918 | 0.997 | 0.972 | Diffusion & Erosion |
F6 | 0.952 | 0.956 | 0.953 | 0.985 | 0.97 | Diffusion & Erosion |
F7 | 0.917 | 0.954 | 0.918 | 0.933 | 0.988 | Diffusion & Erosion |
CONCLUSION: The current research focused on the development of linagliptin buccal adhesive tablets incorporating by different types of polymers at different composition ratios. Polymers are of hydrophilic and hydrophobic in nature, and containing gelling property is useful for control the release rate and linagliptin. Pre and post-compression evaluation parameter value shows within the limit of IP. The in-vitro dissolution study conducted for all the formulations (F1-F7) and found that CP and SA as an individual polymer have shown complete drug release of linagliptin, whereas EU shows incomplete release. In formulation F6, which contains CP: EU: SA in the ratio of 5:20:5 respectively has shown better control in the release rate of linagliptin buccal adhesive tablet 100% at 12 h. A combination of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymer could be a good carrier for controlling the release rate of the buccal adhesive tablet. The release kinetics for all the formulations has followed diffusion and erosion mechanism.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: The authors thank the management of Acharya Nagarjuna University, for their continuous support and encouragement. Thanks are also due to the department of pharma-ceutical sciences for instrumentation facilities provided towards carrying out the work.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: Nil
REFERENCES:
- Alagusundaram M, Chengaiah B, Ramkanth S, Parameswari SA, Madhu C, Chetty S and Dhachinamoorthi D: Formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal films of ranitidine. Int J Pharm Tech Res 2009; 1: 557-63.
- Salamat-Miller N, Chittchang M and Johnston TP: The use of mucoadhesive polymers in buccal drug delivery. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 2005; 57: 1666-91.
- Saurabh R, Malviya R and Sharma PK: Trends in buccal film: Formulation characteristics, recent studies and patents. European J Appl Sci 2011; 3: 93-101.
- Shojaei AH: Buccal mucosa as a route for systemic drug delivery: a review. J Pharm Pharm Sci 1998; 1: 15-30.
- Khurana SH, Madhav NS and Tangri P: Mucoadhesive drug delivery: mechanism and methods of evaluation. Int J Pharm Biosci 2011; 2: 458-67.
- Carvalho FC, Bruschi ML, Evangelista RC and Gremião MP: Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. Brazilian J Pharm Sci 2010; 46: 1-7.
- Bhattacharjee S, Nagalakshmi S and Shanmuganathan S: Design, development and evaluation of mucoadhesive film for water insoluble drug using different plasticizers. Int. J Pharmacy Pharm Sci 2014; 6: 107-10.
- Roy S, Pal K, Anis A, Pramanik K and Prabhakar B: Polymers in mucoadhesive drug- delivery systems: A brief note. Designed Monomers and Polymers 2009; 12: 483-95.
- Batchelor H: Novel bioadhesive formulations in drug delivery. The drug delivery companies report Autumn/ Winter, Pharma Ventures Ltd. 2004; 17-21.
- Smart JD, Kellaway IW and Worthington HE: An in‐vitro investigation of mucosa‐ adhesive materials for use in controlled drug delivery. J Pharmacy Pharmacol 1984; 36: 295-9.
- Shaw JE, Sicree RA and Zimmet PZ: Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 2010; 87: 4-14.
- Aditya G, Gudas GK, Bingi M, Debnath S and Rajesham VV: Design and evaluation of controlled release mucoadhesive buccal tablets of lisinopril. Int J Cur Pharm Res 2010; 2: 24-7.
- Pandey S, Gupta A, Yadav JS and Shah DR: Formulation and in-vitro evaluation of bilayered buccal tablets of carvedilol. Indian J Pharm Edu Res 2010; 44: 259-66.
- Manivannan R, Balasubramaniam A, Anand DC, Sandeep G and Rajkumar N: Formulation and in-vitro evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal tablets of Diltiazem Hydrochloride. Res J Pharm Tech 2008; 1: 478-80.
- Vaidya VM, Manwar JV, Mahajan NM and Sakarkar DM: Design and in-vitro evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal tablets of Terbutaline sulphate. Int J Pharm Tech Res 2009; 1: 588-97.
- Gavaskar B, Venkateswarlu E, Kumaraswamy D, Dooda D and Nagaraju M: Formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive tablets of baclofen. IJPT 2010; 2: 396-09.
- Derle D, Joshi O, Pawar A, Patel J and Jagadale AM: Formulation and evaluation of buccoadhesive bi-layer tablet of propranolol hydrochloride. Int J Pharmacy Pharm Sci 2009; 1: 206-12.
- Satyabrata B, Ellaiah P, Chandan M, Murthy KV, Bibhutibhusan P and Kumar PS: Design and in-vitro evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal tablets of perindopril prepared by sintering technique. Asian J Pharm Cli Res 2010; 3: 4-10.
- Akbari J, Saeedi M, Enayatifard R and Doost M: Development and evaluation of mucoadhesive chlor-hexidine tablet formulations. Trop J Pharm Res 2010; 9.
- Swami PV, Kinagi MB, Biradar SS, Gada SN and Shilpa H: Design and evaluation of buccal bilayer tablets of granisetron hydrochloride. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2010; 1: 104-10.
How to cite this article:
Rao VR, Ravi P and Pravallika KE: Formulation and evaluation of linagliptin buccal adhesive tablets for type-II diabetes. Int J Pharm Sci & Res 2020; 11(5): 2147-55. doi: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.11(5).2147-55.
All © 2013 are reserved by the International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. This Journal licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
Article Information
19
2147-2155
714
1620
English
IJPSR
V. R. Rao, P. Ravi * and K. E. Pravallika
Department of Pharmaceutics, N.E.T. Pharmacy College, Raichur, Karnataka, India.
vadapalli26@gmail.com
13 June 2019
14 April 2020
21 April 2020
10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.11(5).2147-55
01 May 2020