GLIFLOZIN A NEW CLASS FOR TYPE-II DIABETES MELLITUS: AN OVERVIEW

Gliflozin drugs is the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor is the newly developed class of oral hypoglycaemic agents used for the treatment of the type-II diabetes mellitus. This class approved by food and drug administration in 2013 for the treatment of diabetes, with a unique mechanism of action. SLGT-2 proteins are macromolecule reabsorb the filtered glucose molecule from (PCT) in the kidney. This class of drugs block SGLT-2 protein from the site of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) in the kidney, resulting in prevent reabsorption of a glucose molecule and allow excretion of glucose molecule through urine. By this mechanism, the gliflozins drug lowers the blood glucose level in the body.SGLT-2 inhibitors are the newest class of anti-diabetic drugs grab more attention when it is used in combination with insulin and other anti-diabetic drugs. Gliflozins shows various adverse effect such as ketoacidosis, urinary tract infection, bone fracture, and foot and leg amputation. This article explained pathogenesis and pathophysiology of type-II diabetes mellitus with a detailed mechanism of action of a gliflozin class of drugs. Also, latest gliflozin class drugs introduced and approved are discussed in this review.