INTEGRATED CARDIAC ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: FROM DIAGNOSIS TO THERAPY IN ARRHYTHMIA MANAGEMENT

Cardiac electrophysiology has undergone significant advancements in recent decades, revolutionizing the diagnosis and treatment of heart rhythm disorders. This narrative review explores the integration of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in modern arrhythmia management. We discuss the evolution of electrophysiology studies, highlighting their crucial role in guiding ablation procedures and treatment planning. The review examines radiofrequency ablation techniques, their mechanisms of action, and outcomes across various arrhythmia types. We also explore the progress in pacemaker technology, from traditional devices to leadless and physiological pacing systems. The synergistic use of these technologies in clinical practice is emphasized, demonstrating how their integration enhances patient care. We analyze patient outcomes, comparing the effectiveness of medical and interventional approaches, and discuss long-term safety and efficacy data. The review addresses special considerations for pediatric and elderly populations, as well as patients with comorbidities. Cost-effectiveness and resource utilization in electrophysiology procedures are also examined. Looking to the future, we highlight emerging technologies and approaches, including advanced mapping systems, novel energy sources for ablation, and the potential impact of artificial intelligence in arrhythmia management. This comprehensive review underscores the transformative impact of integrated cardiac electrophysiology on patient outcomes and quality of life, while acknowledging ongoing challenges and areas for future research.