INTRICACIES IN TRISOMY 21; ROLE OF CERTAIN POLYPHENOLS IN COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION ALLIED WITH NEURODEGENERATION

One of the most prominent issues with Down Syndrome (DS) individuals is the cognitive deficits that come with early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Numerous mechanisms are accountable for neurodegeneration and declined cognition, including impairment in neurogenesis leading to hypocellularity in the cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus, altered dendritic morphology, and altered synapses plasticity. Pharmacotherapy is typically based on stimulating the proliferation of the neuronal count. Previously it has been hypothesized that mitochondrial dysfunction followed by an increase in the levels of free radicles plays a critical role in the impairment of the CNS, which results in a loss of neuronal function and viability. And Hence, mitochondrial dysfunction can be portrayed as a major cause in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders associated with cognitive deficits. There is a rising curiosity about the potential of the natural polyphenol compounds for improving memory and learning and also the general cognitive capability and reversing the age-related declinations. The polyphenols act by directly affecting the mitochondrial dysfunction or modulating the cellular signaling pathways that regulate the mitochondrial functions and ROS homeostasis.