INVESTIGATING HERB-DRUG INTERACTIONS: THE EFFECT OF TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA ON CYTOCHROMES P450 METABOLISM, CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS AND GUIDE TO HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS

Tinospora cordifolia (TC), family Menispermaceae, a widely used herb in Ayurvedic formulations, is known for its therapeutic advantages in the treatment of fever, urinary problems, managing diabetes, metabolic disorders, dysentery, and enhancing immune function. However, its concurrent intake with commonly prescribed drugs raises alarms about potential herb-drug interactions. This review objectives to provide a guide to healthcare professionals (HCP) providing comprehensive knowledge of common pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of TC, focusing on its effects on cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme metabolisms, which is critical for the biotransformation of various commonly prescribed drugs. This review also highlighted the mechanism of interaction and clinical implications. By referring to this review, HCP can manage concurrent administration of TC and commonly prescribed medicines, ensuring education to the patient for their safety. Despite the frequent claims that herbal products are natural and safe, it is incorrect to undervalue clinically significant herb-drug interactions or ineffectiveness. Therefore, a careful clinical implication examination has been conducted to assess the effects of TC when used together with commonly prescribed medications. Additionally, this review also incorporates checkpoints concerning the role of HCP and patient education, mitigating the risks associated with interactions.