MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS (MSCS) AS POTENTIAL SOURCES OF TREATMENT OF NEURODEGENERATION DISEASE: A STRATEGIC REVIEW

Mesenchymal Stem Cells are multipotent adult stem cells that are found in tissues of the body, including umbilical lines, bone marrow, fat cells, etc. Mesenchymal stem cells incline to self–restore tissues, such as bone, fat cells, connective tissues, and microglia cells, which are obtained from the mesoderm layer and act as macrophages in the central nervous system. So, MSCs can be used to promote functional recovery in many neurological disorders. Neuroinflammation is a pathological feature of neurodegenerative diseases, which is also indicated to mediate neuronal damage and deteriorate the backward accumulation of Aβ in Alzheimer’s disease. The mechanism for MSC-based therapy in Alzheimer’s disease that MSCs regulate neuroinflammation by microglia activation; this will reduce pathological features such as tau hyperphosphorylation and Aβ deposits and save the spatial learning and memory deficits and their multipotentiality and secretome, based on these findings include cell therapy methods for Parkinson disease mainly focused on the ability of stem cells to differentiate into Dopaminergic neurons producing cells that will replace diseased Dopaminergic neurons. MSC-based therapeutics have been suggested for osteoarthritis. MSCs were mostly found in a thin layer of connective tissue called periosteum, lungs, milk teeth, tendon, synovial stratum, cancellous bone, adipose tissue, tendon, lung, and other tissues. MSCs associated with immune cells and have immunomodulatory effects. Moreover, the RAP1/NFkb signalling pathway controls MSC paracrine activity, which seems to be linked with Female infertility. This review will assist you in understanding many aspects of MSC and its molecular role and therapeutic applications.