MICROBES MATTER: A REVIEW ON THE CURRENT UPDATES OF GUT MICROBIOTA IN RELATION TO AUTISM

Microbiota, in simple terms means the community of microorganisms, whereas microbiome means the whole genomes of the microorganisms in a particular environment. We humans consist of a large microbiome within as well as on body, most in the gut. The gut microbiota in human plays significant role in different aspects such as in human metabolism, nutrition, physiology, immune function, and various other body functions. The microbiota of human gut is mainly composed of strict anaerobes, outnumbering the facultative anaerobes. Evidence from various studies across the globe has reported that autistic people carry an altered gut microbiota in comparison to normal people, influencing the immune system thus establishing an relation between dysbiotic gut microbiota with autism. Moreover, as far as antibiotics are concerned, their irrigational use bedsides having the association with antimicrobial resistance are also associated with the autism spectrum disorder development when used in pregnancy and early childhood as reported by studies. Keeping the objective in mind, this review was written to highlight the present existing knowledge regarding gut human microbiota and its relation with development of autism and also the effect of using antibiotics in maternal life and their role in development of autism in children’s.