MODERN SOLUTIONS FOR HERNIA REPAIR: A REVIEW OF MESH INNOVATIONS AND EMERGING SURGICAL TRENDS

Hernia repair is one of the most common surgeries, with recent advancements in mesh technology and surgical techniques significantly improving outcomes. Mesh implants are the standard for reinforcing abdominal walls, reducing recurrence rates compared to traditional sutures. However, complications like chronic pain, infection, and adhesions have driven innovations in mesh development. Modern synthetic meshes are designed to enhance biocompatibility, featuring lightweight, macro-porous structures to promote tissue integration while minimizing complications. Biologic meshes, derived from human or animal tissue, support tissue regeneration and gradually degrade, reducing long-term foreign body reactions. Hybrid meshes combine the durability of synthetics with the regenerative qualities of biologics, offering superior performance in complex repairs. Tailored approaches, including 3D-printed and custom-made meshes, are gaining popularity for their ability to match individual anatomy, minimizing complications such as displacement. Future developments focus on anti-adhesion coatings and bioactive meshes capable of releasing antimicrobial agents to address postoperative issues like adhesions and infections. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in selecting the optimal mesh type and technique for each patient. Financial constraints limit access to advanced meshes in resource-poor settings, underscoring the need for cost-effective solutions. Ongoing research aims to improve safety, effectiveness, and personalization in hernia repair, emphasizing patient-specific care while addressing socioeconomic barriers. These developments highlight the need for continued innovation to optimize outcomes and ensure broader access to advanced technologies in hernia repair.