NANOCERIA / CERIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES: SYNTHESIS AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTY IN TREATMENT OF VARIOUS DISEASES AND ITS NOVEL APPROACH TO TREAT OCULAR DISEASES

Cerium oxide nanoparticles, also known as Nanoceria, have attracted a lot of attention due to their remarkable catalytic activities, which result from a rapid and efficient modification of the oxidized state between Ce₄⁺ and Ce₃⁺. The cerium atom may quickly and dramatically change its electrical arrangement to better suit its immediate surroundings. It also has oxygen vacancies, or flaws, in the lattice structure, which result from the loss of oxygen and/or its electrons during redox processes, alternating between CeO₂ and CeO₂ x. Being a mature engineered nanoparticle with a variety of industrial applications, it was recently discovered to have multi-enzyme, including reactive oxygen species oxidase, catalase, and oxidase, mimetic properties that produce a variety of biological effects, including being potentially anti – oxidants towards almost all toxic and harmful intracellular reactive oxygen species. In biological domains such as bioanalysis, biomedicine, drug carriers, and bioscaffolding, nanoceria has emerged as an intriguing and valuable material. This review paper gives a thorough overview to nanoceria nanoparticles and their manufacture, multi-enzyme-like activity, prospective biological uses and function in the treatment of eye illnesses.