NON-CODING RNAs AND LUNG CANCER

Lung cancer (LC) represents a significant global contributor to mortality, particularly for those between the ages of 40 and 50. Additional evidence for this predicament comes from the yearly rise in new LC cases and the disease’s dismal 5-year survival rate of fewer than 15%. Even though smoking has been linked to a significant portion of Lung Cancer cases, a sizable number of non-smokers also contract the condition, raising the possibility that LC development may have hereditary and epigenetic roots. The genome only has about 1% of coding regions. As a result, scientists have studied the genome’s noncoding region and discovered that noncoding RNAs are crucial to the etiology of lung cancer. In more detail, lncRNAs and miRNAs have been extensively investigated over several decades of research. The function of miRNAs in post-transcriptional gene regulation is widely known and understood. It has also been demonstrated that the antagonistic interaction between lncRNAs and miRNAs further regulates gene expression in both healthy and disease situations, including Lung Cancer. A circular RNAs study, which has received fresh interest recently, revealed that circRNAs can function as molecular sponges for miRNAs thereby regulating transcriptional regulation. Thus, it appears that circRNAs, lncRNAs and miRNAs work together in a circuit to best decide which gene in a biological system needs to be upregulated or downregulated. This review highlights this non-coding RNAs significance in the context of lung cancer development.