PHARMACOTHERAPEUTIC APPROACH IN H. PYLORI INFECTION: CURRENT INSIGHT

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection remains one of the most prevalent chronic bacterial infections globally, contributing significantly to the pathogenesis of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and gastric cancer. Over the past few decades, treatment regimens have evolved significantly due to increasing antibiotic resistance, varied geographic eradication rates, and emerging evidence-based strategies. This review focuses on first-line, second-line, and rescue medications and offers a thorough summary of current pharmacotherapeutic approaches to H. pylori infection. Conventional triple therapy, once the gold standard, is now being replaced in many regions by bismuth quadruple therapy and concomitant regimens due to declining efficacy. The role of novel agents such as vonoprazan, rifabutin and metronidazole in enhancing eradication rates is also discussed. Furthermore, the importance of antibiotic susceptibility testing, patient compliance, and regional resistance patterns in tailoring individualized therapy is highlighted. This insight aims to support rational therapeutic decision-making and promote optimized clinical outcomes in the management of H. pylori infection.