PHENOLIC ACIDS AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF ALCHEMILLA JUMRUKCZALICA PAWL
HTML Full TextPHENOLIC ACIDS AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF ALCHEMILLA JUMRUKCZALICA PAWL.
M. Nikolova*1,I. Dincheva 2, A. Vitkova 1 and I. Badjakov 2
Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 1, 23, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
AgroBioInstitute 2, 8 Dragan Tsankov Str., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
ABSTRACT: Comparative study of free radical scavenging activity and phenolic acid content of Bulgarian endemic Alchemilla jumrukczalica and the commercial herbal - Alchemilla vulgaris complex was carried.The methanol extracts of studied samples showed significant antiradical activity. The concentration of the extracts needed for 50% inhibition of DPPH was found to be 12,09 µg/ml and 19,62 µg/ml for A. jumrukczalica and A. vulgaris complex, respectively.Ten free and seventeen bonded phenolic acids were identified and quantified by performed of gas chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS). Gentisic, protocatechuic, salicylicand trans-cinnamic acids were represented in the greatest quantityamong the identified phenolic acids. This is the first detailed analysis on qualitative and quantitative composition of phenolic acids inAlchemilla species
Keywords:Alchemilla jumrukczalica,
Antiradical activity, DPPH, Phenolic acids |
INTRODUCTION:In the course of phytochemical studies of the high mountain medicinal plants from Bulgaria in particularAlchemilla species 1, the Bulgarian endemicAlchemillajumrukczalica(Rosaceae) was investigated. No phytochemical studies on Alchemillajumrukczalica have been reported.Alchemilla vulgaris complex is the commercial herbal - mixture of Alchemila species, herb with well documented medicinal application 2.
The extract of A. vulgaris complex was used as positive control.Species of genus Alchemilla have been studied mainly for the content of flavonoids,triterpenes, tannins and total phenols 3-6.With regard to phenolic acids, we only had data for the content of ellagic and gallic acids in Alchemillaspecies 7, 8. Phenoliccompounds are considered free-radical scavengers9, 10. That is why the objectives of present study were to;
1) Compare the antioxidantactivity of the extracts of the studied species, and
2) Identify and quantify phenolic acids in these extracts that may contribute to antioxidant activity.
Plant Material: The plant material of Alchemillajumrukczalica was collected in Central Balkan. A voucher specimen of A. jumrukczalica (SOM 165680) has been deposited at the Herbarium of Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research.
Preparation of Extracts: Air dried leaves of A.jumrukczalica and A. vulgaris complex was extracted with 80% methanol threefold. After evaporation of the solvent the received extracts were used for evaluation of antiradical activity and content of phenolic acids.
Antiradical Assay: The antioxidant activity of the methanol extracts was evaluated by the scavenging effect on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH.) radicals 11, 12.
The extracts showed significant antiradical activity with IC50 values of 12, 09 µg/ml and 19, 62 µg/ml respectively for A.jumrukczalica and A. vulgaris complex. Obtainedvalues are comparable with those of commercial antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) - 12.65 µg/ml and syringic acid - 4.40 µg/ml.
Phenolic Acid Analysis: Free and bonded phenolic acids were extracted with ethyl acetate from acidulated methanol-water extract of plant materials before and after thermal hydrolysis. Ten free and seventeen bonded phenolic acids were identified and quantified by performed of gas chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS). The extracts of the both samples contain free phenolic acids in comparable quantities while the amount of bonded phenolic acids was higher in the extract ofA. Jumrukczalica.Among the identified free phenolic acids gentisic, protocatechuic, salicylicand caffeicacids are represented in the greatest quantity. Salicylic, protocatechuic, caffeic, trans-cinnamic, gentisic and vanilic acidswere the major bonded phenolic acids in the studiedextracts (Table 1). The presence of such a variety of phenolic acids largely explain the high free radical scavenging of the extracts, taking into account that this type of compounds carry a high antioxidant properties 9, 10.
TABLE 1: FREE AND BONDED PHENOLIC ACID OF A. JUMRUKCZALICA PAWL. AND A. VULGARIS COMPLEX EXTRACTS
Phenolic Acids | Parameters |
Mean ± SD (µg/g DW) |
A. vulgaris complexMean ± SD (µg/g DW) | |
RT (min) | RI | |||
Free Phenolic Acids | ||||
β-phenylpyruvic acid TMS | 15,84 | 1447,9 | 0,91±0,22 | 0,96±0,24 |
Salicylic acid TMS | 16,61 | 1479,9 | 3,09±0,71 | 2,99±0,72 |
Trans-cinnamic acid TMS | 17,25 | 1506,8 | 1,23±1,67 | 1,14±0,69 |
Vanilic acid TMS | 22,29 | 1729,8 | 1,55±0,48 | 1,59±0,49 |
Gentisic acid TMS | 22,67 | 1747,5 | 4,64±0,74 | 5,12±0,72 |
Protocatechuic acid TMS | 23,54 | 1787,3 | 4,46±0,63 | 4,72±0,66 |
Syringic acid TMS | 25,08 | 1864,4 | 1,69±0,56 | 1,81±0,38 |
p-coumaric acid TMS | 25,74 | 1897,6 | 1,08±0,59 | 1,12±0,61 |
Caffeic acid TMS | 29,99 | 2123,1 | 2,48±0,69 | 2,78±0,68 |
Sinapic acid TMS | 31,55 | 2210,3 | 1,27±0,62 | 1,63±0,63 |
Bonded Phenolic Acids | ||||
Benzoic acid TMS | 9,93 | 1199,9 | 7,41±1,18 | 6,18±1,23 |
β-phenylpyruvic acid TMS | 15,85 | 1448,1 | 10,06±1,73 | 9,17±1,77 |
Salicylic acid TMS | 16,63 | 1480,0 | 54,44±1,61 | 52,58±1,64 |
Trans-cinnamic acid TMS | 17,27 | 1507,0 | 46,64±1,76 | 51,97±1,71 |
m-hydroxybenzoic acid TMS | 19,04 | 1581,8 | 6,96±0,61 | 5,51±0,66 |
p-hydroxybenzoic acid TMS | 19,25 | 1590,5 | 7,72±0,58 | 7,31±0,56 |
β-resorcylic acid TMS | 21,02 | 1671,0 | 5,95±0,54 | 6,18±0,64 |
Vanilic acid TMS | 22,31 | 1730,2 | 24,71±1,43 | 23,08±1,49 |
Gentisic acid TMS | 22,64 | 1748,0 | 35,19±1,67 | 32,94±1,62 |
Mandelic acid TMS | 23,32 | 1777,4 | 6,18±0,58 | 5,75±0,53 |
Protocatechuic acid TMS | 23,56 | 1787,7 | 51,37±1,86 | 52,54±1,79 |
Syringic acid TMS | 25,11 | 1864,9 | 16,48±0,88 | 15,78±0,86 |
p-coumaric acid TMS | 25,76 | 1897,9 | 13,94±0,79 | 10,07±0,64 |
Gallic acid tms | 26,44 | 1933,4 | 7,19±0,48 | 6,73±0,47 |
3, 4, 5-trimethoxymandelic acid tms | 28,81 | 2057,7 | 6,39±0,41 | 5,31±0,42 |
Caffeic acid tms | 30,01 | 2123,6 | 34,18±1,52 | 32,77±1,55 |
Sinapic acid tms | 31,57 | 2210,7 | 10,06±1,05 | 11,92±1,09 |
In conclusion, the present study is the first detailed report of qualitative and quantitative composition of phenolic acids inAlchemilla species. The methanol extracts of A.jumrukczalica and A. vulgaris complex showed significant antiradical activity. No significant difference was found in the content of phenolic acids and antiradical activity of studied samples. These resultsrevealed the extract of A. jumrukczalica as potential source of antioxidant activity.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: The authors are grateful for the financial support provided by the Bulgarian National Science Fund, Ministry of Education, Youth and Science (Project DTK-02/38)
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Article Information
19
802-804
504KB
1180
English
IJPSR
M. Nikolova*, I. Dincheva , A. Vitkova and I. Badjakov
Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, 23, Acad.G. Bonchev St., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
28 October, 2011
14 December, 2011
23 February, 2012
http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.3(3).802-04
1-March-2012