PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF WATTAKAKA VOLUBILIS LINN. (STAPF) BY GC-MS METHOD

PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF WATTAKAKA VOLUBILIS LINN. (STAPF) BY GC-MS METHOD

Karuppusamy Sridhara Vishnusithan and Malaiyandi Kamaraj*

P.G. and Research Department of Botany, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli- 620 020, Tamil Nadu, India

ABSTRACT

The aim of the study was to investigate the phytochemical compounds of Wattakaka volubilis ethanolic leaf extracts. The phytochemical compounds were screened by GC-MS method. The ethanolic leaf extracts presented 32 bioactive compounds. The identification of phytochemical compounds is based on the peak area, molecular weight and molecular formula. Diethyl phthalate C₁₂H₁₄O₄ has peak area 37.31, 2-pentanone, 3, 3, 4, 4-tetramethyl C₉H₁₈O has peak area 17.58 and propane 1, 1, 3-trimethoxy C₉H₂₀O₃ has peak area 10.20 and the results were presented.

Leaf extract

INTRODUCTION:Plants have been an important source of medicines for thousands of years.  Everyday, the World Health Organization estimates that upto 80 percent of people still rely mainly on traditional remedies such as herbs for their medicines. Its civilization is very ancient and the country of a whole has long been known for its rich resources medicinal plants. Today, ayurvedic, homeo and unani physicians utilize numerous species of medicinal plants are possibly utilized as antiseptic and antimicrobial substances.

Wattakaka volubilis (Linn F.) Stapf (Family- Asclipidiaceae) is a large climber with green flowers in drooping umbels with smooth bank and ash coloured leaves rounded at the base.  It is found in India and South East Asia.  The root is applied to snake bites and given to women to cure head ache after child birth and the leaves are applied to boils and abscesses to promote suppuration.  It is an emetic, diphoretic and diuretic ².  Traditional healers of Kerala used its leaves to treat inflammatory and painful conditions ³.  However, till date no scientific validation of these properties has been reported.

Here, the present study has been made to identify the Phytochemical compounds of W. volubilis by GC-MS analysis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Collection of Plant Material:            The plant W. volubilis was collected from the garden of Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli. The plant was identified and voucher specimen was deposited in the Rapinet Herbarium, St. Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli.

Preparation of Extracts: The plant leaves wereair dried and crushed to small piece using mortar and pestle and powdered in an electric grinder.  Dried and powdered plant material was extracted using soxhlet apparatus with ethanol as solvent (50-60^oC) for 72 hrs.

The obtained extracts were evaporated in vacuum to give residues. A semi solid residual extract was obtained. It was stored at 4^oC until used. When needed, the residual extract was dissolved in distilled water and used in the study. The extracts preparations were done as previously described by Allade and Irobi ⁴.

GC-MS Analysis: The GC-MS analysis of unknown compounds of W. volubilis deals with using a Clarus 500 Perkin Elmer Gas Chromatography ionizes compounds and measures their mass number equipped with Elite-5-Capillary Column (5% phenyl 95% dimethyl poly siloxane) (30 mm x 0.25 mm ID x 0.25 µmdf) and mass detector turbomass gold of the company which was operated at in EI mode.  Helium was carried the gas at the flow rate of 1 ml / min, the injector was operated at 280^oC and the oven temperature was programmed as follows : 70^oC @ 8 ^oC/min to 150^oC (1 min) @ 8^oC / min to 280^oC (10 min). The identification of components was based on comparison of their mass spectra with those of Wiley and NBS Libraries and those described by Adams ⁵ as well as on comparison of their retention indices with literature ⁶.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The present study carried out on the W. volubilis revealed the presence of medicinal active constituents.  In GC-MS analysis 32 bioactive phytochemical components were identified in the ethanolic extract of W. volubilis. The identification of phytochemical compounds is based on the peak area, molecular weight and molecular formula. Diethyl phthalate (C₁₂H₁₄O₄) with RT 16.55 has peak area 37.31, 2-pentanone, 3, 3, 4, 4-tetramethyl (C₉H₁₈O) with RT 14.93 has peak area 17.58 and propane 1, 1, 3-trimethoxy (C₉H₂₀O₃) with RT 6.84 has peak area 10.20, the results were presented in table 1, figure 1.

TABLE: CONSTITIENTS AND PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION OF  THE ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF W.VOLUBILIS

FIGURE 1:  GC-MS CHROMATOGRAM OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF W.VOLUBILIS

Arunkumar and Muthuselvam reported in the GC-MS analysis, 26 bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the ethanolic extrct of Aloe vera. The identification of phytochemical compounds is based on the peak area, molecular weight and molecular formula.  J. sitostera (C₂₉H₅₀O) with RT 38.78 has peak area 13.19%, Oleic Acid (C₁₈H₃₄O₂) with RT (21.85) and 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester (Z, Z, Z) (C_­19­H₃₃C₂) with RT 22.6 ranks next having peak area 11.74% and 11.36% respectively ⁷.

Investigated fourteen aromatic and 24 aliphatic acids were determined by GC-MS analysis of acidic fractions obtained from Paronia peregrine and Paeonia tenifolia roots. Benzoic acid and its monohydroxy-dihydroxy and tri-hydroxy derivatives are the main acid components of both Paronia species.  Some fractions could serve as a source of benzoic 4-hydroxy benzoic, vanillic and gallic acids as well as of ethyl gallate ⁸.

GC-MS results revealed phenols, aromatic carboxylic acids and esters in the chloroform extract ⁹.  The GC-MS analysis of a botanically certified Oleogama Resin of Boswellia sacra essential oil revealed the presence of 34 monoterpenes and 16-sesquiterpens ¹⁰.

 CONCLUSION: This study revealed the presence of 32 phytochemical compounds. The identification of the compounds W. volubilis could be exploited for new potent antidiabetic agents.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: The authors are thankful to the Centre for Advanced Research in Indian System of Medicine (CARISM), Sastra University, Thanjavur, for offering facilities to carryout this study.

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