PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF BUCHANANIA LANZAN SPRENG LEAVES

The aim of this research was to perform phytochemical screening and evaluation of the pharmacological activities of Buchanania lanzan Spreng. leaves. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phytoconstituents like steroids, tannins, saponins, carbohydrates, alkaloids, and flavonoids. Three leaf extracts were prepared by using solvents e.g. chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by using the paper disc method against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The chloroform extract was found to be more effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a zone of inhibition 20 mm as compared to the standard anti-biotic ampicillin with a zone of inhibition 20 mm. Antifungal activities were evaluated by well diffusion assay against Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger. The chloroform extract was found be more effective against Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans with a zone of inhibition 22 mm and 20 mm respectively as compared to the standard antifungal ketoconazole with a zone of inhibition 22 mm. Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger with zone of inhibition 22 mm was comparable to standard Ketoconazole with zone of inhibition 24 mm. Anthelmintic activity was performed on Pheritima posthuma using Albendazole as standard and ethanolic extract was found to be more effective. Hepatoprotective activity performed on Wistar albino rats revealed that ethyl acetate extract was more promising using LIV 52 as standard. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Buchanania Lanzan leaves specific extracts possess antimicrobial, anthelmintic and hepatoprotective activity which can be further explored for the development of formulation and their structural elucidation.