PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND GC-MS ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS PRESENT IN ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF LEAF AND FRUIT OF TRICHOSANTHESIS DIOICA ROXB.

Medicinal plants are considered to be the most important in the primary health care system of developing countries. The therapeutic properties of a plant depend upon the biochemical compounds present in the plant parts employed in the preparation of a medicine. Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. is being used as popular Ayurveda and Siddha medicine used to treat various diseases. Objective: The objective of this research was to carry out for identification of bioactive compounds from ethanolic extracts of leaf and fruit of Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. by Gas chromatography and Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Methods: The air-dried leaves and fruits were powdered and separately extracted with ethanol by using a Soxhlet extractor; then, each of the extracts was subjected to qualitative phytochemical analysis and further subjected to a GC-MS instrument. Results: The result of the qualitative analysis of plant extracts has a wide range of active phytocompounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, steroids, reducing sugar, tannins, and terpenoids. The GC-MS analysis, twenty two different phytochemical compounds were identified in T. dioica leaf extract. The percentage of major bioactive compounds were 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran (38.38%), 2,5,6-tris (4′-methoxyphenyl)-4-propylpyrimidine (20.16%), psi.,.psi.-carotene, 1,1′,2,2′-tetrahydro-1,1′-dimethoxy-(CAS) (18.83%), 2-lauro-1,3-didecoin (11.08%) whereas fifteen phytochemical compounds were identified in T. dioica fruit extract. The percentage of major bioactive compounds such as linoleic acid ethyl ester (29.53%), hexadecanoic acid (CAS) (17.14%), 1,2,3-propanetriol (CAS) (4.89%), à-D-glucopyranoside, methyl (CAS) (4.53%), 1,2-cyclopentanedione (4.49%). The identification of bioactive compounds is based on the retention time, peak area, molecular formula, and probability. Conclusion: From the results, it could be concluded that T. dioica may have antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, hypocholesterolemic, and hepatoprotective activities due to the presence of secondary metabolites in the ethanolic extract.