PRELIMINARY TOXICITY STUDY, ANTI-NOCICEPTIVE AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES OF EXTRACTS FROM SIDA RHOMBIFOLIA L. (MALVACEAE)

Background: Sida rhombifolia L. (Malvaceae) is in flora of Asian medicinal herbs and used traditionally in West of Burkina Faso for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, fever, pain and possesses analgesic properties. The aim of the study was to access the biological activities of extract (acetone/water extract) and alkaloid extracts from Sida rhombifolia L. (Malvaceae) in the carrageenan-induced paw edema and croton oil-induced ear edema on the one hand, evaluate their analgesic capacity in Swiss mice and on the other, with an aim to provide a scientific basis for the traditional use of this plants to the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Method: In acute toxicity test, mice received doses of extract (acetone/water extract) from Sida rhombifolia L., extract by intraperitoneal route and LD₅₀ was determined in Swiss mice. However,in anti-inflammatory activity, the carrageenan-induced paw edema and oil croton-induced ear edema in Swiss mice. As for analgesic effects, acetic acid writhing and hot plate methods were used in mice.

Results:About preliminary study in acute toxicity test, we obtained LD₅₀ value more than 5000 mg/kg b.w. extracts at the doses of 100; 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight produced significant and a dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity. The dose-dependent inhibition of oedema was observed at 1; 2 and 3 h. However, extracts showed a dose-dependent inhibition of croton oil induced ear edema, at doses of 200; 300 and 500 µg/ear.  As for analgesic activity, extracts produced significant analgesic effects in acetic acid writhing and hot plate method (p≤0.05) and in a dose-dependent inhibition was observed.

Conclusion: In summary, Sida rhombifolia L. has the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. These findings support the use of the extract in traditional medicine for treating inflammatory and analgesic conditions.