RAFT-FORMING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Raft-forming drug delivery systems (RF-DDS) are a novel approach within gastro-retentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS), designed to enhance therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance. These systems form a gel-like raft that floats on gastric contents, offering prolonged retention, localized drug delivery, and reduced systemic side effects. RF-DDS have been particularly effective in managing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, and Helicobacter pylori infections. The core mechanism involves effervescence and gelation, where polymers like sodium alginate interact with gastric fluids and cross-linking agents, forming a robust, floating gel matrix. Effervescent agents provide buoyancy, while cross-linkers stabilize the raft structure. Advantages of RF-DDS include localized drug action, sustained release, acid reflux prevention, and enhanced patient compliance. Applications extend to GERD management, ulcer healing, and targeted drug delivery for gastric conditions, with a growing emphasis on antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, and anti-inflammatory agents. Despite their potential, challenges like formulation stability, interpatient variability, and complex manufacturing processes must be addressed. Future directions in RF-DDS development include smart polymers, nanotechnology integration, and personalized medicine. These advancements aim to improve drug delivery precision, expand therapeutic options, and optimize patient outcomes. This review highlights the principles, historical evolution, key components, advantages, challenges, and applications of RF-DDS, providing a foundation for ongoing innovation in gastro-retentive drug delivery.