RECENT ADVANCES IN CARDIAC SURGERY: MINIMALLY INVASIVE TECHNIQUES AND ROBOTIC ASSISTANCE

Minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) has emerged as a transformative approach in cardiovascular medicine, aiming to reduce surgical trauma and improve patient outcomes compared to traditional open-heart procedures. Originating nearly a century ago, MICS has undergone significant advancements, evolving from rudimentary instruments to sophisticated robotic-assisted and AI-driven techniques. This evolution has enabled surgeons to perform complex cardiac surgeries through small incisions, minimizing damage to surrounding tissues and organs. Key procedures such as aortic and mitral valve replacements, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and maze surgeries for atrial fibrillation have been successfully adapted to MICS. These procedures leverage innovations like robotic systems that enhance precision, minimize human error, and provide better visualization of the operative field. As a result, patients experience reduced post-operative pain, shorter hospital stays, faster recovery times, and improved cosmetic outcomes due to smaller surgical scars. Recent studies and clinical trials underscore the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of MICS across diverse patient populations. The adoption of MICS continues to expand globally, driven by its potential to mitigate complications associated with traditional sternotomy, such as infections, bleeding, and longer recovery periods. Moreover, advancements in sutureless anastomotic devices and other technologies support the growth of minimally invasive approaches in cardiac surgery, promising even better outcomes in the future. In conclusion, MICS represents a paradigm shift in cardiac surgery, offering a blend of technological innovation and surgical expertise to optimize patient care. Future developments in MICS are expected to further refine techniques, expand indications, and enhance overall patient satisfaction and quality of life following cardiac interventions.