RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTATANEOUS DETERMINATION OF AMLODIPINE BESYLATE, VALSARTAN, TELMISARTAN, HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE AND CHLORTHALIDONE: APPLICATION TO COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE DRUG PRODUCTS
HTML Full TextRP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTATANEOUS DETERMINATION OF AMLODIPINE BESYLATE, VALSARTAN, TELMISARTAN, HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE AND CHLORTHALIDONE: APPLICATION TO COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE DRUG PRODUCTS
R. A. Mhaske*1, D. J. Garole 2 A. A. Mhaske 1 and S. Sahasrabudhe 1
Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tiberewala University, J.B. Nagar, Andheri (E), Mumbai- 400 059 Maharashtra, India
Department of Organic Chemistry, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon- 425 001, Maharashtra, India
ABSTRACT: A simple, precise and stability-indicating HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of anti-hypertensive drugs Amlodipine Besylate, Valsartan, Telmisartan and diuretics Hydrochlorothiazide and Chlorthalidone. The separation was achieved on Cosmosil PAQ (150 mm × 4.6 mm) 5 μm column with gradient flow. The mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1 consisted of 0.05 M sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer and acetonitrile (Gradient ratio). The UV detection was carried out at 220 nm. The method was successfully validated in accordance to ICH guidelines. Further, the validated method was applied for commercially available pharmaceutical dosage form
| Keywords:RP-HPLC,
Anti-hypertensive, Diuretic drugs, |
Validation
INTRODUCTION:The parent guideline on drug stability testing Q1A (R2) issued by International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) stipulates stress studies to be carried out on a drug in order to establish the drug's inherent stability characteristics 1.
Literature studies show various analytical methods reported for the estimation of individual, binary or tertiary combination of anti-hypertensive drugs or in combination with diuretics 3-11.
Recently, HPLC method with fluorescence detection for simultaneous determination of chlorthalidone, valsartan and fluvastatin from human plasma has been reported 12. While, the HPLC method has been developed and validated for quantification of losartan, telmisartan, and valsartan in human urine sample 13.
The HPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous estimation of atenolol, bisoprolol, hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, salicylic acid, enalapril and its active metabolite enalaprilat, valsartan and fluvastatin is also reported 14.
However, so far, no method was reported for the simultaneous determination in combination for Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Amlodipine besylate, Valsartan, Telmisartan, and its application to pharmaceutical samples.
An attempt was made in this study to develop a rapid, economical, precise and accurate stability-indicating assay method for simultaneous estimation of Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Amlodipine besylate, Valsartan, Telmisartan in tablet formulation.
The proposed method is rapid, simple, accurate, and reproducible, and can be successfully employed in the routine analysis of both these drugs simultaneously, in tablet dosage form.
MATERIAL AND METHODS:
Chemicals and Reagents: Drug substances were provided by Sharon Biomedicine, India. All the chemicals and reagents sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, monobasic sodium dihydrogen phosphate, hydrogen peroxide (30 %) were used of Analytical grade, while, Acetonitrile was procured from Merck (Germany). A Millipore Milli Q plus water purification system (Milford, USA), was used to prepare distilled water (>18 μΩ). The commercially available drug products were used as VALZAAR 40 (Valsartan - 40 mg, Torrent Pharma, India), TELMA H (Telmisartan - 40 mg and Hydrochlorothiazide - 12.5 mg; Glenmark, India), TAZIOC (Telmisartan - 40 mg and Amlodipine- 5 mg, USV, India).
Instruments: Integrated HPLC system, Ultimate 3000 manufactured by Dionex (Germany) was used for method development and method validation. This system comprised of a quaternary gradient pump, auto sampler, column oven and a photodiode array detector. PC installed Chromeleon software was used to record and integrates the chromatograms. The analysis was carried out at ambient temperature.Photostability studies were performed in a photostability chamber, from Thermolab (India).
Chromatographic Conditions: Cosmosil PAQ (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) analytical column from Nacalai Tesque INC, Japan was used as a stationary phase. The flow rate was 1.0 mL min−1 and the detector was set at 220 nm. The volume of the sample solution injected was 10 μL. The gradient mobile phase consisted of 0.05 M sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer and acetonitrile (Mobile Phase-B) with the gradient as mentioned in (Table 1). A membrane filter of 0.45 μm porosity was used to filter and degas the mobile phase.
TABLE 1: MOBILE PHASE GRADIENT FOR CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD
| Time (min) | % 0.05 M sodium dihydrogenphosphate buffer | % Acetonitrile |
| 0 | 70 | 30 |
| 3 | 70 | 30 |
| 8 | 40 | 60 |
| 11 | 20 | 80 |
| 15 | 20 | 80 |
| 18 | 70 | 30 |
Standard and Test solutions: Weighed accurately about 50 mg of each Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Amlodipine besylate, Valsartan, Telmisartan reference standard into 50 ml volumetric flask. Added to it 12.5 ml methanol and sonicated to dissolve. Diluted this solution up to volume with diluent (Buffer: ACN, 70:30 v/v).
Pipette out 5.0 ml of this solution into 50 ml volumetric flask and diluted to volume with diluent. (100 μg mL−1 each of Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Amlodipine besylate, Valsartan, Telmisartan).Similarly, the test solutions were prepared at same concentration using same diluents. (100 μg mL−1 of each).
Method Development: A variety of mobile phases were investigated in the development of a stability-indicating LC method for the analysis of Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Amlodipine besylate, Valsartan, and Telmisartan drug substances. The suitability of mobile phase was decided on the basis of selectivity and sensitivity of the assay, stability studies and separation among impurities formed during forced degradation studies.
Wavelength Selection: The individual drug substance solution at concentration of 100μg mL−1 in diluent was scanned on PDA from 190 nm to 400 nm. The maximum wavelength were observed Hydrochlorothiazide (224 nm and 271 nm), Chlorthalidone (197 nm), Amlodipine besylate (194 nm and 238 nm), Valsartan (202 nm), Telmisartan (200 nm, 226 nm and 296 nm). However detection was carried out at 220 nm on basis of higher response (Table 2 and Fig. 1).
TABLE 2: AREA RESPONSE OF PEAKS AT DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS
| Wavelength (nm) | HTZ | CL | AB | VS | TS |
| 220 | 7007699 | 4889135 | 1519197 | 3659099 | 6826700 |
| 230 | 4460150 | 3605191 | 1740202 | 3082518 | 6792775 |
| 240 | 485333 | 1906409 | 1963812 | 2174204 | 4314868 |
| 250 | 737294 | 803379 | 1280204 | 1894671 | 2995497 |
| 260 | 2215073 | 468808 | 590182 | 1611626 | 2748410 |
| 280 | 2563998 | 321762 | 108100 | 593051 | 2496815 |
| 300 | 538401 | 0 | 67946 | 93976 | 3253137 |
FIG. 1: UV SPECTRUM FOR DRUG SUBSTANCES IN DILUENTS
Method Validation: The optimized chromatographic conditions were validated by evaluating specificity-Forced degradation, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness and system suitability parameters in accordance with the ICH guideline Q2 (R1) [2].
Specificity- Forced Degradation Study:
- Acid and Base Hydrolysis: Forced degradation study was conducted on 10 mg drug powder of each drug substances by exposing with 4ml of 1N hydrochloric acid/sodium hydroxide for 5 days at room temperature. Then neutralized with acid or base (when necessary) and dilute up to 20 ml with diluent. Pipette out 5 ml of this solution in to 50 ml volumetric flask and diluted up to 50 with diluent.
- Oxidation: Forced degradation study was conducted on drug substances by exposing with 1% H2O2 and dilute up to 20 ml with diluent. Pipette out 5 ml of this solution in to 50 ml volumetric flask and diluted up to 50 with diluent.
- Thermal degradation: Solid drugs powder was kept in dry oven at 105°C for 24 hours.
- Photolysis: Photolysis studies were carried out on solid drugs, their combination and their dosage form. The sample in a petri plate was spread as a thin layer (1 mm) and exposed to light in a photostability chamber. The method's analytical data were collected at a single wavelength of 220 nm. Additional PDA detector data were collected for the peak purity evaluation.
The chromatograms were extracted for Peak purity and demonstrated as in (Fig. 2a, b, c, d, e, f, g and Table 3).
(a) BLANK SOLUTION
(b) STANDARD SOLUTIONS
c) SPECIFICITY-ACID HYDROLYSIS
d) SPECIFICITY-ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS
e) SPECIFICITY-PEROXIDE OXIDATION
f) SPECIFICITY PHOTOLYTIC DEGRADATION
g) SPECIFICITY-THERMAL DEGRADATION
FIG. 2 - CHROMATOGRAMS FOR STRESSED CONDITIONS
TABLE 3: RESULTS FOR FORCED DEGRADATION STUDY
| Degradation Condition | HTZ | CL | AB | VS | TS | |
| Acid hydrolysis | % Degradation DeDDegradation | 13.0 | 12.5 | 77.6 | 4.0 | 11.4 |
| Peak purity | ||||||
| Alkaline hydrolysis | % Degradation | 9.1 | 11.2 | 17.7 | 10.2 | 10.7 |
| Peak purity | ||||||
| Peroxide Oxidation | % Degradation | 23.2 | 22.8 | 25.0 | 19.1 | 19.3 |
| Peak purity | ||||||
| Photolytic degradation | % Degradation | 0.8 | 2.6 | 8.6 | 0 | 1.6 |
| Peak purity | ||||||
| Thermal degradation | % Degradation | 0.0 | 2.2 | 11.6 | 0 | 3.0 |
| Peak purity |
Linearity: Standard stock solution of the drug was diluted to prepare linearity standard solutions in the concentration range of 2 –150 μg mL−1 for all Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Amlodipine besylate, Valsartan, and Telmisartan. Three sets of such solutions were prepared. Each set was analyzed to plot a calibration curve. Slope, intercept and coefficient of determination (r2) of the calibration curves were calculated to ascertain linearity of the method (Fig. 3 and Table 4).
FIG. 3: LINEARITY CURVE WITH CORRELATION CO-EFFICIENT
TABLE 4: SLOPE, INTERCEPT & REGRESSION COEFFICIENT
| Drug substance | Slope | Intercept | Regression(r2) |
| Hydrochlorothiazide | 67343 | 22504 | 0.9998 |
| Chlorthalidone | 46363 | 11002 | 0.9998 |
| Amlodipine Besylate | 14528X | 1280 | 0.9998 |
| Valsartan | 34968X | 6424 | 0.9998 |
| Telmisartan | 66206X | 3469.4 | 0.9998 |
Recovery: Recovery of the method was determined by analyzed the drug products and synthetic mixture of drug products with 50%, 100% and 150% levels. These mixtures were analyzed by the proposed method. The experiment was performed in triplicate and recovery (%); RSD (%) were calculated (Table 5 and 6).
Precision: The precision of the proposed method was evaluated by carrying out six independent assays of test samples. RSD (%) of six assay values obtained was calculated. Intermediate precision was carried out by analyzing the samples by a different analyst on another instrument (Table 7).
Robustness: The robustness was studied by evaluating the effect of small but deliberate variations in the chromatographic conditions. The conditions studied were flow rate (altered by ±0.2 mL min−1), wavelength (altered by ±0.3 nm), and column oven temperature (altered by ±5°C) and pH of buffer in mobile phase (altered by ± 0.2). These chromatographic variations were evaluated for resolution between all drug substances (Table 8 to 11).
Solution Stability: To assess the solution stability, standard and test solutions were kept at 25 °C (laboratory temperature) for 24 hrs (Table 12).
System Suitability: The system suitability parameters with respect to theoretical plates, tailing factor, repeatability and resolution between peaks of all drug substances were defined (Table 13).
TABLE 5: RECOVERY FROM COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE SAMPLES
| Valzaar 40 Tablets VS 40 mgTorrent Pharma | Telma H TabletsHTZ 12.5mg & TS 40mg Glenmark Pharma Ltd. | Tazioc TabletsTS 40mg & AB 12.5mg USV Ltd | |||
| Level | Recovery (%) For VS | Recovery (%) For HTZ | Recovery (%) For TS | Recovery (%) For TS | Recovery (%) For AB |
| 50 % | 99.8101.0
99.0 |
102.0100.9
101.2 |
100.599.4
99.8 |
99.298.7
99.7 |
103.0102.3
102.5 |
| 100 % | 100.399.5
100.3 |
102.7100.7
102.6 |
101.298.6
100.8 |
99.799.6
99.0 |
103.4103.1
102.6 |
| 150 % | 100.399.0
98.9 |
101.2100.8
101.3 |
99.499.2
99.7 |
99.999.2
99.4 |
103.4102.8
102.5 |
| 99.8 % | 101.4 | 99.8 | 99.4 | 102.8 | |
| RSD | 0.75 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.38 | 0.38 |
TABLE 6: RECOVERY ON SYNTHETIC MIXTURE OF ALL FIVE DRUG SUBSTANCE
| % Recovery | % Assay | ||||
| HTZ | CL | AB | VS | TS | |
| Level – 50% | 102.2100.1
102.7 |
101.799.6
99.8 |
100.199.1
100.3 |
101.2100.7
100.1 |
100.398.2
101.0 |
| Level – 100% | 102.5102.8
102.5 |
100.5101.5
101.9 |
98.698.8
99.5 |
101.599.6
100.4 |
101.0101.4
101.2 |
| Level – 150% | 102.7101.9
100.9 |
100.899.9
100.5 |
99.6101.3
99.0 |
101.299.3
99.7 |
100.9100.4
99.1 |
| Average | 102.0 | 100.7 | 99.6 | 100.4 | 100.4
|
| RSD | 0.94 | 0.84 | 0.85 | 0.79 | 1.09 |
*Chlorthalidone and Amlodipine Besylate drug substances spiked with Valzaar and Telma H drug products.
TABLE 7: PRECESSION
| Repeatability | Intermediate Precision | ||||||||||||||
| Sr. No. | HTZ | CL | AB | VS | TS | HTZ | CL | AB | VS | TS | |||||
| 1 | 101.0 | 100.7 | 99.5 | 99.6 | 99.8 | 101.8 | 99.6 | 99.6 | 97.7 | 100.0 | |||||
| 2 | 100.8 | 101.6 | 100.9 | 99.2 | 101.8 | 101.3 | 98.8 | 100.2 | 98.9 | 101.0 | |||||
| 6 | 101.3 | 99.1 | 98.7 | 99.1 | 98.5 | 100.9 | 100.5 | 101.8 | 101.1 | 99.5 | |||||
| 4 | 100.3 | 99.7 | 99.7 | 99.8 | 100.3 | 99.1 | 99.7 | 99.8 | 100.0 | 98.2 | |||||
| 5 | 100.1 | 99.8 | 100.6 | 99.6 | 100.8 | 98.1 | 98.7 | 98.1 | 101.3 | 101.8 | |||||
| 6 | 101.2 | 99.5 | 100.66 | 101.7 | 100.2 | 101.2 | 100.2 | 100.5 | 100.3 | 101.4 | |||||
| 100.8 | 100.1 | 100.0 | 99.9 | 100.2 | 100.4 | 99.6 | 100.0 | 99.9 | 100.3 | ||||||
| RSD | 0.48 | 0.92 | 0.85 | 0.96 | 1.07 | 1.49 | 0.77 | 1.19 | 1.37 | 1.35 | |||||
| Average for Precision and Intermediate precision | 100.6 | 99.8 | 100.00 | 99.9 | 100.3 | ||||||||||
| RSD for Precision and Intermediate precision | 1.04 | 0.83 | 1.00 | 1.13 | 1.17 | ||||||||||
TABLE 8: CHANGE IN FLOW RATE (±0.2 ML MIN−1)
| Flow rate | % Assay% Assay of | ||||
| HTZ | CL | AB | VS | TS | |
| Flow rate 0.8 mL min−1 | 101.7 | 99.2 | 99.4 | 97.6 | 99.8 |
| 101.8 | 99.1 | 100.6 | 99.1 | 101.3 | |
| Flow rate 1.0 mL min−1 | 101.8 | 99.6 | 99.6 | 97.7 | 100.0 |
| 101.3 | 98.8 | 100.2 | 98.9 | 101.0 | |
| Flow rate 1.2 mL min−1 | 101.4 | 99.0 | 99.1 | 97.2 | 99.5 |
| 101.3 | 98.5 | 100.3 | 99.0 | 101.1 | |
| Average | 101.6 | 99.0 | 99.9 | 98.3 | 100.5 |
| RSD | 0.24 | 0.38 | 0.59 | 0.86 | 0.77 |
TABLE 9: CHANGE IN WAVELENGTH
| Wavelength | % Assay% Assay of | ||||
| HTZ | CL | AB | VS | TS | |
| 217 nm | 101.8 | 99.4 | 99.6 | 97.9 | 100.3 |
| 101.2 | 98.4 | 100.2 | 98.7 | 101.0 | |
| 220 nm | 101.8 | 99.6 | 99.6 | 97.7 | 100.0 |
| 101.3 | 98.8 | 100.2 | 98.9 | 101.0 | |
| 223 nm | 101.8 | 99.4 | 99.6 | 97.5 | 100.0 |
| 101.3 | 98.7 | 100.2 | 98.7 | 100.9 | |
| Average | 101.5 | 99.1 | 99.9 | 98.2 | 100.5 |
| RSD | 0.29 | 0.49 | 0.33 | 0.61 | 0.49 |
TABLE 10: CHANGE IN COLUMN OVEN TEMPERATURE
| Column oven temperature | % Assay% Assay of | ||||
| HTZ | CL | AB | VS | TS | |
| 20°C | 101.5 | 98.9 | 99.3 | 97.4 | 99.6 |
| 101.5 | 98.7 | 100.6 | 99.1 | 101.1 | |
| 25°C | 101.8 | 99.6 | 99.6 | 97.7 | 100.0 |
| 101.3 | 98.8 | 100.2 | 98.9 | 101.0 | |
| 30°C | 101.4 | 99.0 | 98.9 | 96.6 | 99.5 |
| 101.4 | 97.9 | 98.4 | 96.5 | 100.9 | |
| Average | 101.5 | 98.8 | 99.5 | 97.7 | 100.4 |
| RSD | 0.09 | 0.56 | 0.82 | 1.13 | 0.73 |
TABLE 11: CHANGE IN PH OF BUFFER SOLUTION IN MOBILE PHASE
| pH of buffer | % Assay | ||||
| HTZ | CL | AB | VS | TS | |
| pH 4.0 | 101.9 | 99.6 | 98.3 | 95.7 | 100.5 |
| 101.5 | 98.9 | 101.1 | 98.5 | 101.3 | |
| pH 4.2 | 101.8 | 99.6 | 99.6 | 97.7 | 100.0 |
| 101.3 | 98.8 | 100.2 | 98.9 | 101.0 | |
| pH 4.4 | 101.2 | 98.9 | 100.6 | 98.6 | 99.9 |
| 101.2 | 98.6 | 102.5 | 99.3 | 100.9 | |
| Average | 101.5 | 99.1 | 100.4 | 98.1 | 100.6 |
| RSD | 0.30 | 0.43 | 1.41 | 1.32 | 0.56 |
TABLE 12: RESULTS FOR SOLUTION STABILITY
| Time (Hours) | % Assay | ||||
| HTZ | CL | AB | VS | TS | |
| Initial | 101.6 | 99.2 | 99.9 | 98.3 | 100.5 |
| 3 | 102.0 | 99.4 | 100.1 | 98.5 | 100.7 |
| 6 | 102.1 | 99.5 | 100.1 | 98.3 | 100.7 |
| 9 | 102.3 | 99.8 | 100.9 | 98.6 | 100.9 |
| 12 | 101.6 | 99.2 | 100.2 | 98.2 | 100.7 |
| 18 | 101.6 | 99.2 | 100.9 | 98.7 | 101.0 |
| 24 | 102.3 | 99.8 | 100.9 | 98.6 | 100.9 |
| Average | 101.9 | 99.4 | 100.4 | 98.4 | 100.8 |
| RSD | 0.33 | 0.25 | 0.43 | 0.17 | 0.17 |
TABLE 13: CHROMATOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS OF SYSTEM SUITABILITY
| Drug substances | RT (min) | Theoretical plates | Symmetry | Resolution | Peak purity |
| HTZ | 3.14 | 6253 | 1.19 | - | Passed |
| CL | 4.21 | 6950 | 1.14 | 5.93 | Passed |
| AB | 7.41 | 56678 | 1.24 | 19.60 | Passed |
| VS | 8.44 | 44004 | 1.09 | 7.24 | Passed |
| TS | 10.18 | 72930 | 1.06 | 11.16 | Passed |
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
HPLC Method Development: The maximum absorption wavelength of the reference drug solution and of the forcefully degraded drug solution was found to be 220 nm. This was observed from the UV absorption spectra (Fig. 1) and was selected as detection wavelength for LC analysis. The main objective of this chromatographic method was separation of degraded impurities from all drugs. Forced degradation study revealed a critical separation of closely eluting impurity formed from the Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Amlodipine besylate, Valsartan, and Telmisartan peaks. PAQ (150 mm × 4.6 mm) 5 μm helped in resolving all peaks as the column had carbon loading approx 11% against conventional ODS. This effect was observed by using the mobile phase 0.05 sodium hydrogen phosphate (pH 4.1) and acetonitrile in the gradient ratio.
Summary of Validation Parameters: The assay test method is validated for Specificity, Linearity, Precision, Accuracy (Recovery), Stability of Analytical Solution and Robustness and was found to be meeting the predetermined acceptance criteria. The validated method is Specific, Linear, Precise, Accurate and Robust for determination of assay of Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Amlodipine besylate, Valsartan, Telmisartan drug substances and drug products.
Hence, this method can be introduced into routine and stability analysis for the assay of Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Amlodipine besylate, Valsartan, and Telmisartan drug substances.
CONCLUSION: The stability indicating RP-HPLC assay method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination ofHydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Amlodipine besylate, Valsartan, Telmisartan drug substances and drug products. The method was found to be simple, specific, Precise and Robust and can be applied for the routine and stability analysis for commercially available formulation.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: The authors are thankful to entire team of JJT University and Mr. K Kaul, Mr. Lalit Mishra- Sharon Bio Medicine for their encouragement and support during the work.
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Article Information
20
141-149
1040KB
2372
English
IJPSR
R. A. Mhaske*, D. J. Garole A. A. Mhaske and S. Sahasrabudhe
Assistant General Manger – AMD, Sharon Bio Medicine, Plot L6, MIDC, Taloja, Taluka - Panvel, Dist Raigad-410208, Maharastra, India
22 August, 2011
05 October, 2011
18 December, 2011
http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.3(1).141-49
1-January-2012
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