SALVIA GENUS AND TRITERPENOIDS
HTML Full TextSALVIA GENUS AND TRITERPENOIDS
Shyamal K. Jash 1, Dilip Gorai 2 and Rajiv Roy *3
Department of Chemistry 1, Saldiha College, Saldiha, Bankura - 722173, West Bengal, India.
Department of Chemistry 2, Bolpur College, Bolpur, Birbhum - 731204, West Bengal, India.
Independent Researcher 3, Bhatgonna (Dignagar), Burdwan - 713128, West Bengal, India.
ABSTRACT: Salvia L., is one of the largest genera from Lamiaceae (Labiatae) family which comprises 900 species and is widely distributed in various regions of the world like in America, Europe, Asia. In this review article, the triterpenoid constituents were investigated from all of the Salvia plants to date are reported. About 214 triterpenoids of different classes were isolated and characterized from 113 species of salvia genus. So far the Salvia plants were investigated for their diterpenoids, phenolics and monoterpenes (volatile oils), especially for diterpenoids rather than for their triterpenoid constituents. However, during the isolation procedures of Salvia plant extracts, ursolic and oleanolic acids are common triterpenoid with other constituents isolated. Salvia, in Latin named “salvare”, which means “to heal” so by name its medicinal importance was understand, since from ancient times different salvia species were used to cure more than sixty different ailments ranging from aches to epilepsy, and mainly to treat colds, bronchitis, tuberculosis, hemorrhage, and menstrual disorders. Salvia L., is one of the largest genera from Lamiaceae (Labiatae) family which comprises 900 species and is widely distributed in various regions of the world like in America, Europe, Asia.
Keywords: Salvia, Triterpenoids, Chemical Constituents, Review |
INTRODUCTION: Salvia L., is one of the largest genera from Lamiaceae (Labiatae) family which comprises 900 species and is widely distributed in various regions of the world like in America, Europe, Asia. The plants are typically 30-150 cm tall, herbaceous or suffruticose, and perennial, rarely biennial, or annual, with attractive flowers in various colors.
Salvia, in Latin named “salvare”, which means “to heal” so by name its medicinal importance was understand, since from ancient times different salvia species were used to cure more than sixty different ailments ranging from aches to epilepsy, and mainly to treat colds, bronchitis, tuberculosis, hemorrhage, and menstrual disorders.
In this review article, the triterpenoid constituents were investigated from all of the Salvia plants to date are reported. About 214 triterpenoids of different classes were isolated and characterized from 113 species of salvia genus. So far the Salvia plants were investigated for their diterpenoids, phenolics and monoterpenes (volatile oils), especially for diterpenoids rather than for their triterpenoid constituents. However, during the isolation procedures of Salvia plant extracts, ursolic and oleanolic acids are common triterpenoid with other constituents isolated. This review is an effort to attract natural product chemist to give their contribution on isolation of triterpenoid’s from Salvia genus 1-158.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The triterpenoids isolated and identified from Salvia genus, were searched across the Medline (National Library of Medicine) and Science Direct databases, Pubmed, ACS, Pols-one, Wiley chem. abstract, Springer link, RSC, Google and Google Scholar. The data were updated in June 2016, using the search terms Salvia triterpenoid, triterpenoid from Salvia genus, triterpenoid, phytochemical, chemical constituents, from Salvia as keywords. In addition, the reference lists of all papers identified were thoroughly reviewed.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
List of triterpenoid(s) & their Structure(s) from salvia species: This review article compiled almost 214 triterpenoids from 113 species of salvia which are listed in Table 1 and Table 2, with their structure in Fig.1.
TABLE 1: LIST OF TRITERPENOIDS
Ursane triterpenoid(s) | Ref. (s) |
11-oxo-α-amyrin (1) | 1-3 |
11α-hydroxy-3-oxo-17,22-secours-12,17(28)-diene-22-oic acid (urmiensic acid) (2) | 4 |
11α-hydroxyurs-12-en-3-one (3) | 5-7 |
11α-methoxyurs-12-ene-1β,3β -diol (4) | 8 |
11α-methoxyurs-12-ene-1β,3β,15α-triol (5) | 8 |
11α-methoxyurs-12-ene-1β,3β,28-triol (6) | 8 |
11β-hydroxy-3-oxo-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (7) | 5, 7 |
13β,28-epoxyurs-12-ene-1β,3β-diol (8) | 8 |
1β,2α,3β,11α-tetrahydroxyurs-12-ene (9) | 9, 10 |
1β,2α-dihydroxy-3β-acetoxy-11-oxours-12-ene (10) | 9, 10 |
1β,2α-dihydroxy-3β-acetoxyurs-9(11)-12-diene (11) | 9, 10 |
1β,3α,11α -trihydroxy-urs-12-ene (12) | 9, 10 |
1β,3β,11α-trihydroxyurs-12-ene (13) | 4 |
1β,3β,15α-trihydroxy-11α-methoxyurs-12-en-28-al (14) | 8 |
1β,3β,15α-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-al (15) | 8 |
23-(trans-p-coumaroyloxy)-3β,6α,30-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (16) | 11 |
2α,20β-dihydroxy-3β-acetoxyurs-9(11)-12-diene (17) | 9, 10 |
2α,3α,19-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (18) | 6, 12-14 |
2α,3α,19-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid ester glucoside (19) | 6 |
2α,3α,19α,23-tetrahydoxyurs-12- en-28-oic acid ester glucoside (20) | 6 |
2α,3α,23-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28- oic acid (21) | 6, 12, 14 |
2α,3α,24-trihydroxyurs-12en-28-oic acid (22) | 13, 15 |
2α,3α-dihydroxymethyl ursolate (23) | 13 |
2α,3α-dihydroxyurs-12en-28-oic acid (24) | 6, 12-14 |
2α,3β, 23-trihydroxymethyl ursolate (25) | 13 |
2α,3β,11α-trihydroxy-urs-12-ene (26) | 9, 10 |
2α,3β,19-trihydroxy-24-oxo-urs-12- en-28-oic acid ester glucoside (27) | 6 |
2α,3β,19-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28- oic acid (28) | 6, 12-14 |
2α,3β,20β,23-tetrahydroxyurs-12,19-(29)-dien-28-oic acid (29) | 16 |
2α,3β,24-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28- oic acid (30) | 6, 12-14 |
2α,3β-dihydroxy-12-ene-urs-28 oic acid (31) | 17 |
2α,3β-dihydroxymethyl ursolate (32) | 13 |
2α-acetoxy-urs-5,12-diene-3β,11α-diol (33) | 9, 10 |
2α-hydroxy ursolic acid (34) | 18-23 |
2α-hydroxy-3β-methoxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (35) | 12, 14 |
3,11-dioxo-urs-12-ene (36) | 5, 7 |
3-epi-ursolic acid (37) | 24, 25 |
3-epi-uvaol (38) | 26, 27 |
3-keto-13(28)-epoxy-urs-11-ene (39) | 5, 7 |
3-oxo-11α-hydroxy-17,22-seco-urs-12-en-22,17-lactone (urmiensolide B ) (40) | 4 |
3-oxo-1β,11α,20-trihydroxyursolic acid (41) | 28 |
3-oxo-urs-12-en-28-oic acid , ursonic acid (42) | 12, 14, 24, 29 |
3-oxo-urs-12-ene (43) | 6 |
3-oxo-urs-12-ene-lβ,11α-diol (44) | 30 |
3-oxo-ursolic acid methyl ester (45) | 31 |
3α-acetoxy-urs-12-ene-1β,11α-diol (46) | 9, 10 |
3α-hydroxy-13(28)-epoxy-urs-11-ene (47) | 5, 7 |
3α-hydroxy-2α-methoxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (48) | 12, 14 |
3β,11α-dihydroxy-urs-12-ene (49) | 4, 23 |
3β,28-dihydroxyurs-12-ene (50) | 6, 32 |
3β,6α,23-trihydroxyurs-12,19(29)-dien-28-oic acid (51) | 11 |
3β-acetoxy-28-oxo-urs-12-ene (52) | 32 |
3β-acetoxy-2α,11α-dihydroxyurs-12-ene (53) | 9, 10, 30 |
3β-acetoxy-urs-12-ene-1β,2α, 11α-triol (54) | 9, 10, 33 |
3β-acetoxy-urs-12-ene-1β,2α,11α,20β-tetraol (55) | 33 |
3β-acetoxy-urs-12-ene-2α,11α-diol (56) | 33 |
3β-acetoxy-urs-l2-ene-2α,11α,20β-triol (57) | 33 |
3β-acetylursolic acid (58) | 32 |
3β-hydroxy methyl ursolate (59) | 13 |
3β-hydroxy-2α-methoxyurs-12-en- 28-oic acid (60) | 12, 14 |
Dehydrouvaol (61) | 17 |
Micromeric acid (62) | 17, 34-36 |
Salvistamineol (63) | 9, 10, 37 |
Santolinoic acid (64) | 38 |
Tormentic acid (65) | 19, 39-41 |
Urs-12-ene-1β,3β,11α,15α-tetraol (66) | 8 |
Urs-12-ene-1β,3β,15α,28-tetraol (67) | 8 |
Urs-12-ene-3α,11α-diol (68) | 23 |
Urs-12-ene-3β,7β,15α,28-tetraol (69) | 8 |
Urs-9(11),12-dien-3-one (70) | 5, 7 |
Urs-9(11),12-dien-3β-ol (71) | 5, 7 |
Urs-9(11),12-dien-3β-yl acetate , α-amiradienyl acetate (72) | 17, 39-41 |
Ursol-28-oic acid methyl ester (ursolic acid methyl ester) (73) | 1- 3, 42, 59 |
Ursolic acid (74) | 1- 2, 5- 7, 17, 12, 14, 15, 21, 22, 25-27, 31-36, 39, 40-101, 102-109, 110 |
Uvaol (75) | 17, 24, 43-49, 63, 71, 81, 82, 94-96, 111, 112, 110 |
α-amyrin (76) | 2, 6, 3, 17, 24, 29, 32, 52, 60, 66, 68, 69, 72- 74, 90, 91, 94-98, 113-116 |
3α-acetyl-amyrin (77) | 1-3, 113, 114, 117 |
3α-acetylamyrin-28-al (78) | 118 |
Amyrin-3-one (79) | 79 |
Α-amyrin 28-al (80) | 97, 98 |
Coleonolic acid (81) | 18, 20 |
Euscaphic acid (82) | 18, 20, 119 |
Pomolic acid (83) | 17 |
3b-hydroxy-11a-methoxy-17,22-seco-17(28),12-ursadien-22-oic (84) | 120 |
1b,3b,11a-trihydroxy-17,22-seco-17(28),12-ursadien-22-oic acid (85) | 120 |
1b,3b-dihydroxy-11a-methoxy-17,22-seco-17(28),12-ursadien-22-oic acid (86) | 120 |
Urmiensolide (87) | 121 |
2α,3β,5α-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (salvin A) (88) | 122 |
Olean triterpenoid(s) | |
11-oxo-β-amyrin (89) | 1-3 |
11α-hydroxy-β-amyrin (90) | 1-3, 23 |
1β,11α-dihydroxyolean-18-en-3-one (91) | 28 |
1β,2α,3β,11α-tetrahydroxy-olean-12-ene (92) | 9, 10 |
1β,2α-dihydroxy-3β-acetoxy-olean-9(11),12-diene (93) | 9, 10 |
1β,3β-dihydroxy-olean-9(11),12-dienyl (94) | 123 |
23-hydroxygermanicone (95) | 124 |
24-nor-2α,3β-dihydroxyolean-4(23),12-ene (96) | 24 |
28-acetylerythrodiol (97) | 1-3, 125 |
2α,3α,23-trihydroxymethyl oleanolate (98) | 13 |
2α,3α,23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (99) | 6, 12, 14, 23, 39, 40, 41 |
2α,3α,24-trihydroxymethyl oleanolate (100) | 13 |
2α,3α-dihydroxy-24-nor-4(23),12-oleanadien- 28-oic acid (101) | 22 |
2α,3α-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28 oic acid (102) | 12, 14, 23, 43-49, 63, 71, 81, 82, 99, 111, 126 |
2α,3β,24-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28- oic acid (103) | 6, 12, 14 |
2α,3β-dihydroxymethyl oleanolate (104) | 13 |
2α,3β-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (maslinic acid, crataegolic acid) (105) | 6, 11,12, 14, 17,19, 21-23, 28, 35, 39, 63, 71, 40, 41, 43-49, 53, 79, 81, 82, 85, 86, 89, 94-99, 111 |
2α-hydroxy-3-oxo-olean-12-en-28- oic acid (106) | 12, 14, 17, 23, 43-49, 63, 71, 81, 82, 111 |
2β,3β,18-trihydroxyolean-12-en 28-oic acid (107) | 94-96 |
2β,3β-dihydroxyolean-5,12-dien 28-oic acid (108) | 94-96 |
3-acetylerythrodiol (109) | 125 |
3-acetyloleanolic acid (110) | 68, 72, 97, 98, 110, 127 |
3-acetylvergatic acid (111) | 60 |
3-epi-maslinic acid (112) | 35, 39-41 |
3-O-acetyl oleanolic aldehyde (113) | 13, 32, 53, 85, 86, 125 |
3-oxo-oleanolic acid (114) | 60, 90, 128 |
3α,24-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28,30-dioic acid (115) | 25 |
3α,24-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (116) | 25 |
3α,6α,24-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (salvin B) (117) | 122 |
3α-acetyl-erythrodiol (118) | 113 |
3β,22β,28-trihydroxyolean-11,15-diene (salvitriol) (119) | 26, 27 |
3β,22β,28-trihydroxyolean-11-ene (leucanthol) (120) | 26, 27 |
3β,28-dihydroxyolean-12,20(30)-diene (121) | 112 |
3β,28-dihydroxy-olean-12-ene (122) | 32, 124 |
3β-acetoxy-2α,11α-dihydroxy- olean-12-ene (123) | 30, 33 |
3β-acetoxy-olean-12-en-28-ol (124) | 53, 79, 85, 86, 129, 130 |
3β-acetoxy-olean-12-ene-1β,2α,11α-triol (125) | 9, 33, 10 |
3β-acetoxyolean-9,12-diene (126) | 1-3 |
3β-acetyloleanolic acid (127) | 5, 7, 32, 37, 130, 131 |
3β-hydroxy-11α,12α-epoxy-olean- 28,13β-olide (128) | 127 |
3β-hydroxy-1-oxo-olean-12-en-28- methylcarboxylate (129) | 111 |
3β-hydroxyolean-12-ene-28-al (130) | 5, 7 |
3β-hydroxy-oleana-11,13(18)-dien-28-oic acid (131) | 69, 74 |
3β-hydroxyoleanan-13β,28 lactone (132) | 58 |
Anagadiol (133) | 39-41, 132, 133 |
Epi-alnusenol (134) | 1-3, 17 |
Epi-oleanolic acid (135) | 17 |
Erythrodiol diacetate (136) | 125 |
Germanicol (137) | 39-41, 54 |
Moradiol (138) | 124 |
Moronic acid (139) | 124 |
Nivadiol (140) | 39, 40, 41 |
Olean-(l3)18-en-2β,3β-diol (141) | 34, 36 |
Olean-12-en-3-one (142) | 84, 134 |
Olean-12-ene-3β,7β,15α,28-tetraol (143) | 8 |
Olean-13(18)-en-2α,3β,11α-triol (144) | 135 |
Olean-18-ene-1β, 2α, 3β-triol (145) | 136 |
Oleanolic acid (146) | 1, 3, 5-7, 12, 14, 17, 19, 21, 22, , 25-28, 31-33, 35, 36, 40, 41, 43-49, 55, 58, 60-75, 79-82, 84-90, 92, 94-98, 100-103, 108, 109, 111, 115, 119, 124, 126-129, 132-134, 137-140, 141-145 |
Oleanolic acid methyl ester (147) | 1, 2, 3 |
Oleanonic acid squalene (148) | 84, 134 |
Przewanoic acid A (149) | 119 |
Przewanoic acid B(150) | 117 |
Reglin [deacetyloxysessein-7α-(3β-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oate] (151) | 87, 108 |
Salviolide (152) | 42, 59 |
Salvinemorol (153) | 9, 10, 66, 73 |
Trijugaoside A (154) | 18, 21 |
Vergatic acid (155) | 17, 53, 79, 85, 86, 94-99, 135 |
β -amyrin (156) | 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 17, 32, 43-49, 50, 51, 54, 55, 62, 63, 68, 69, 71, 72, 74, 79, 81, 82, 84, 93- 98, 111, 127, 134, 146 |
β -amyrin acetate (157) | 79 |
1β,3β,11α-trihydroxyolean-12-ene (158) | 4 |
Lupane triterpenoid(s) | |
1β,11α,20-trihydroxy-lupan-3-one (159) | 28 |
1β,11α-dihydroxylup-20(29)-en-3-one (160) | 28 |
1β,3β-lup-20(29)-ene-1,3,30-triol (161) | 147 |
2-acetoxylupeol (162) | 148 |
2α,3β-dihydroxylup-20(29)-ene , 2α,3β-dihydroxylupane 20(29)-ene (163) | 132, 133, 144 |
2α-acetoxy-lup-20(29)-en-3β-ol (164) | 101 |
2α-methoxylup-20(29)-en-3β-ol (165) | 53, 85, 86 |
3-keto-lupane-11α,20-diol (166) | 149 |
3-oxo-11α,19β,20,22β-tetrahydroxylupane (167) | 56 |
3α-hydroxy-20-oxo-30-norlupane (168) | 150 |
3α-O-acetyl-20(29)-lupen-2α-ol (169) | 151 |
3β,11α,19β,20,22β-pentahydroxylupane (170) | 56 |
3β,11α-dihydroxy-30-norlupan-20-one (171) | 12, 14 |
3β-acetoxy-lup-20(29)-en-2α-ol (172) | 101 |
3β-acetoxy-lupane-11α,20-diol (173) | 149 |
3β-O-cis-p-coumaroyl monogynol A (174) | 52 |
3β-O-trans-p-coumaroyl monogynol A (175) | 52 |
3β, 20-dihydroxylupane-28-oic acid (176) | 152 |
7β-hydroxylup-20(29)-en-3-one (177) | 54 |
Betulin, betulinol (178) | 43-49, 59, 111, 63, 71, 17, 153, 82, 140 |
Betulinic acid (179) | 12, 14, 25, 42, 51, 50, 55, 59, 62, 79, 93, 97, 98, 115, 140 |
Loranthol, lup-20(30)-en-3β,7β-diol (180) | 54 |
Lup-(20)29-ene-2α,3β-diol (nepeticin) (181) | 17, 34, 36, 53, 85, 86, 135 |
Lup-20(29)en-1β,3β-diol (182) | 12, 14 |
Lup-20(29)-ene-3-one , lupeone (183) | 28, 113, 118 |
Lup-20(29)-ene-3β,23-diol (184) | 53, 85, 86 |
Lupan-3β,11α,20 triol (185) | 53, 79,85, 86, 149 |
Lupeol, lupenol (186) | 1-3, 5, 7, 12,14, 17, 34, 36, 43 -49, 52-54, 60, 63, 69, 71, 74, 79, 82, 84-86, 111, 113, 124, 129, 135, 132-134, 144, 153 |
Lupeol acetate, lupeol-3-acetate (187) | 79, 140, 131, 146 |
Lupine-2,3-diol (188) | 148 |
Monogynol A (189) | 52 |
Palestinol (190) | 50, 51, 55, 62, 79, 93 |
Dammaranes | |
20S,24R-epoxydammar-12,25-diol-3-one (191) | 57 |
Amblyol (192) | 151 |
Amblyone (193) | 151 |
Salvilymitol (194) | 21 |
Salvilymitone (195) | 21 |
Santolin B (196) | 154 |
Santolin A (197) | 154 |
Santolin C (198) | 154 |
Miscellaneous triterpenoid(s) | |
1-oxo-7α-hydroxysitosterol (199) | 2 |
24-methylenecycloartanol (200) | 66, 73, 130 |
Brassicasterone (201) | 113 |
Friedelin (202) | 1-3, 17 |
Hopanone (203) | 113 |
Stigmast-4-en-3-one (204) | 153-156 |
Hydrangenone (205) | 157 |
Isoperadione (206) | 153-156 |
Peradione (207) | 153-156 |
Perovskone (208) | 153-156 |
Salvadiol (209) | 153-156 |
Salvadione-A (210) | 153-156 |
Salvadione-B (211) | 153-156 |
Salvadione C (212) | 158 |
Perovskone B (213) | 158 |
Salvatrione (214) | 153-156 |
TABLE 2: LIST OF SALVIA SPECIES FROM WHICH TRITERPENOID(S) WERE ISOLATED
Salvia species | Structure no.(s) of Triterpenoid(s) | Ref. (s) |
S. aegyptiaca L. | 74, 76, 86, 131, 146, 156 | 69, 74 |
S. amplexicaulis Lam. | 74, 76, 110, 146 , 156, 204 | 68, 72 |
S. anastomosans Ramamoorthy | 74, 146 | 75 |
S. apiana Jeps. | 50, 52, 58, 74, 76, 113, 122, 127, 146, 156 | 32 |
S. argentea L. | 4, 5, 6, 8, 14, 15, 54, 55, 56, 57, 66, 67, 69, 74, 125 , 131, 143, 146 | 8, 33 |
S. aspera M. et G. | 146, 193, 192 | 151 |
S. atropatana | 145 | 136 |
S. aucheri var. canescens Benth. | 74 | 76 |
S. aurea L. | 74 | 77 |
S. ballotaeflora | 146 | 143 |
S. bicolor | 74, 191 | 57 |
S. blepharochlaena Hedge | 76, 109, 110, 200 | 130 |
S. blepharophylla Brandegee | 74, 76 | 110, 78 |
S. breviflora Moc. et Sesse | 74, 146 | 103, 132 |
S. broussonetii Benth.(S. bolleana) | 65, 72, 74, 99, 105, 112, 133, 137, 140, 146 | 39, 40, 41 |
S. bucharica M. Pop. | 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 214 | 153-156 |
Salvia buchananii Hedge | 74, 146 | 100 |
S. cabulica Benth. | 86, 146, 163 | 144 |
S. caespitosa Mont. et Auch. ex Benth. | 74, 76, 86, 111, 114, 146 | 60 |
S. candelabrum Boiss. | 74, 146, 181 | 104 |
S. candicans Mart. & Gal. | 74, 146 | 105 |
S. candidissima Vahl. | 77 | 117 |
S. cardiophylla Benth. | 74, 146, 156 | 109 |
S. carduacea Benth. | 34, 74, 101, 105, 146 | 22 |
S. ceratophylla L. | 74, 146 | 106 |
S. chinensis | 29 | ---- |
S. chinopeplica Epl. | 74 | 107 |
S. cilicica Boiss. et Kotschy | 74, 146 | 65 |
S. cryptantha Mont. et Auch. ex Benth. | 46, 79, 105, 109, 155, 156, 157 | 79 |
S. coccinea Juss. ex Murr. | 75, 121, 129 | 112 |
S. cyanescens Boiss. et Bal. | 76, 77, 187, | 114 |
S. deserta Schang | 41, 91, 105, 146, 159, 160, 183 | 28 |
S. divaricata Mont. et Auch. ex Benth. | 74, 146 | 61 |
Salvia eremophila | 176 | 152 |
S. euphratica Mont. et Auch. ex Benth. | 74, 76, 146 | 102 |
S. farinacea Benth. | 74, 76, 179 | 115 |
S. forskahlei L. | 76 | 116 |
S. glutinosa L. | 1, 73, 74, 76, 77, 86, 89, 90, 97, 126, 134, 146, 147, 156, 199, 202 | 1-3 |
S. gilliessi Benth. | 146 | 137 |
S. glabrescens Makino
S. japonica Thunb. |
34, 65, 74, 105, 146 | 19 |
S. grandiflora Etling | 105, 112 | 35 |
S. haenkei L. | 44, 53, 123 | 30 |
S. hierosolymitana Boiss. | 16, 34, 51, 74, 96, 105, 105, 146, 194, 195 | 11, 21 |
S. hydrangea DC. ex Benth. | 74, 146, 205, 212, 213 | 64, 157, 158 |
S. hypargeia Fisch. et Mey. | 110, 187 | 131 |
S. horminum L. (S. viridis L.) | 62, 74, 86, 141, 146, 181 | 34, 36 |
S. karwinskii Benth. | 74 | 32, 92 |
S. kronenburgii Rech. f. | 9, 10, 11, 12, 17, 19, 26, 33, 46, 53, 54, 63, 92, 125, 153 | 9, 10 |
S. lanata Roxb. | 37, 42, 75, 76 | 24, 29 |
S. lanigera Poir. | 74, 132, 146 | 58 |
S. lasiantha | 146 | 138 |
S. lavandulifolia Vahl. | 74, 146 | 70, 35 |
S. lavanduloides (Cantueso) | 45, 74, 146 | 31 |
S. leriifolia | 162, 188 | 148 |
S. leucantha Cav. | 38, 74, 119, 120, 146 | 26, 27 |
S. limbata C. A. Meyer | 74, 146 | 80 |
S. lineata Benth. | 146 | 139 |
S. longipedicellata Hedge | 74, 76, 146 | 102 |
S. longystyla Benth. | 110, 128, 146, 179 | 127 |
S. mellifera Greene | 7, 36, 39, 47, 70, 71, 74, 86,110, 130, 146, 156 | 5, 7 |
S. menthaefolia Tenore | 62, 74, 146 | 35 |
S. mexicana L. var. minor Benth. | 73, 74, 152, 178, 179 | 42, 59 |
S. microphylla Kunth | 86, 109, 146 | 129 |
S. montbretii Benth. | 74, 76, 86, 146, 174, 175, 189 | 52 |
S. moorcraftiana Wall. | 86, 133, 146, 163 | 132, 133 |
S. multicaulis Vahl. | 76, 77, 86, 118, 183, 201, 203 | 113 |
S. nemorosa L. | 74, 76, 146, 153, 200 | 66, 73 |
S. nicolsoniana Ramamoorthy | 37, 74, 115, 116, 146, 179 | 25 |
S. nilotica Juss. ex Jacq.
S. plebeia R. Br., S. viridis L. |
31, 61, 62, 72, 74, 75, 76, 83, 86, 105, 106, 134, 135, 146, 155, 156, 164, 172, 178, 181, 202 | 17, 101 |
S. nubicola Wall. ex Sweet | 168 | 150 |
S. officinalis L. | 74, 75, 86, 102, 105, 106, 146, 146, 156, 178 | 43-49, 63, 71, 81, 82, 111, 142 |
S. oxyodon L. | 74, 105 | 82 |
S. palaefolia H. B. K. | 74, 86, 142, 146, 148, 156 | 84, 134 |
S. palaestina Benth. | 74, 86, 105, 124, 130, 146, 155, 165, 181, 184, 185 | 53, 85, 86 |
S. paramiltiorrhiza H. W. Li et X. L. Huang | 18, 22, 23, 24, 25, 31, 32, 59, 98, 100, 104, 113 | 6, 12-14 |
S. phlomoides Asso | 166, 173, 185 | 149 |
S. pinnata L. | 86, 144, 146, 155, 181 | 135 |
S. pisidica Boiss. & Heldr. | 79, 86, 109, 146, 156, 157, 185, 187 | 79 |
S. pomifera L. | 76, 86, 95, 138, 139, 146, 146 | 124 |
S. potentillifolia Boiss.et Heldr. | 86, 105, 146, 155, 156, 185 | 79 |
S. pratensis L. | 74, 137, 146, 156, 177, 180, 186 | 54 |
S. przewalskii Maxim. | 82, 146, 149, 150 | 119, 145 |
S. recognita Fisch. et Meyer | 78, 110, 183 | 108 |
S. regla Cav. | 74, 146, 151 | 108, 87 |
S. reptans Jacq. | 74, 146 | 88 |
S. ringens Sm. | 74, 105, 146 | 89 |
S. roborowskii Max.
|
18, 21, 28, 30, 31, 35, 42, 48, 60, 74, 86, 102, 102, 102, 103, 105, 146, 171, 179, 182 | 12, 14 |
S. sapinae Epl. | 74, 102, 146 | 126 |
S. santolinifolia | 64, 88, 117, 196, 197, 198 | 38, 122 |
S. scabiosifolia Lam. | 74, 105, 146 | 89 |
S. sclarea L. | 74, 76, 114, 146 | 90, 128 |
S. sclareoides | 161 | 147 |
S. sochifolia C. Y. Wu | 22, 24, 74 | 15 |
S. sousae | 146 | 92 |
S. splendens L. | 74, 146 | 35 |
S. syriaca L. | 74, 84, 85, 86, 146 | 67, 120 |
S. staminea Benth. | 63, 127 | 37 |
S. tchihatcheffii (Fisch.et Mey.) Boiss. | 97, 109, 130, 136 | 125 |
S. thymoides Benth. | 146, 178, 179 | 140 |
S. transsylvanica (Schur ex Griseb.) | 156, 187 | 146 |
S. tricupis | 3, 18, 19, 20, 21, 27, 28, 30, 31, 43, 50, 74, 99, 102, 103, 105, 146 | 6 |
S. trijuga Diels. | 34, 81, 82, 154, 169 | 18, 21, 151 |
S. triloba L. (S. fruticosa L.) | 74, 146, 156, 179, 190 | 50, 51, 55, 62, 79, 93 |
S. tomentosa Miller | 74, 75, 76, 105, 107, 108, 146, 155, 156 | 94, 95, 96 |
S. urmiensis | 2, 40, 49, 87, 158 | 4, 121 |
S. verticillata L. | 74, 76,80, 105, 110, 146, 155, 156, 179 | 97, 98 |
S. virgata Jacq. | 105, 155 | 79, 23, 99 |
& S. virgata Aioton | 74, 102, 146 | 99 |
S. wagneriana Polak. | 74, 167, 170 | 56 |
S. willeana Holmboe | 34, 68, 99, 102, 105 | 23 |
S. xanthocheila | 94 | 123 |
Structure(s):
FIG.1: URSANE TRITERPENOIDS
FIG. 2: OLEAN TRITERPENOIDS
FIG. 3: LUPANE TRITERPENOIDS
FIG.4: DAMMARANE TRITERPENOIDS
FIG.5: MISCELLANEOUS TRITERPENOIDS
CONCLUSIONS: The present review deals with up to date literature on triterpenoid isolated from Salvia genus regarding exhibited by the plant extracts. We are quite optimistic that this review article will surely stimulate present day researcher to undertake more systematic research work on this important genus for isolation of triterpenoids.
COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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How to cite this article:
Jash SK, Gorai D and Roy R: Salvia Genus and Triterpenoids. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2016; 7(12): 4710-32.doi: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.7(12).4710-32.
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Article Information
2
4710-4732
667
2312
English
IJPSR
Shyamal K. Jash, Dilip Gorai and Rajiv Roy*
Independent Researcher, Bhatgonna (Dignagar), Burdwan, West Bengal, India
royrajiv35@gmail.com
02 July, 2016
16 August, 2016
13 September, 2016
10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.7(12).4710-32
01 December, 2016