SYNTHESIS, DOCKING STUDIES AND ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THIAZOLE SCHIFF BASE DERIVATIVES

Fifteen Thiazole Schiff bases derivatives were synthesized, designed and evaluated for antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Based on literature review compounds were synthesized, docked and tested for All biological assays were performed in triplicate (n = 3). Positive controls: Ciprofloxacin (10 µg/mL) for antibacterial and Ketoconazole (10 µg/mL) for antifungal assays. Results are expressed as mean ± SD and for antioxidant properties DPPH assay, ABTS [2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] assay, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay and Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) scavenging assay were employed. Molecular docking was performed against topoisomerase II, peptide deformylase, lanosterol 14α-demethylase, and tyrosinase enzymes, which revealed favourable binding affinities and hydrogen-bonding interactions with the respective active sites for several derivatives. Compounds TSB_S7, TSB_S8, TSB_S10 and TSB_S14 exhibited the highest MolDock scores and showed MIC (µg/mL) values of 25 µg/mL against S. aureus and E. coli. The compounds were more active against Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacteriaria than Gram negative bacteria. The compounds demonstrated promising antibacterial and antioxidant properties with MICs ranging from 25 to 50 µg/ml. Overall, the synthesized thiazole Schiff bases demonstrated dual antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, highlighting their potential as multifunctional therapeutic agents.