TETRACYCLINE COORDINATION COMPOUND AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT

TETRACYCLINE COORDINATION COMPOUND AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT

Pranay Guru

Department of Engineering Chemistry, People’s College of Research & Technology, Bhopal (M P), India

ABSTRACT

The present paper deals with the microbial studies of the complex Co(II) & Cu(II) with antibiotic drug Tetracycline,  a formula Co (C₂₂ H₂₄ N₂ O₈)  MoO₄ 4H₂O and Cu (C₂₂ H₂₄ N₂ O₈)   MoO₄ 3H₂O has been suggested on the basis of elemental analysis and molar conductance for the newly synthesized complex. The microbial studies of synthesized complex were studied on pathogenic bacteria using gram +ve (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus)  and  gram -ve  (Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhosa, Escherichia coli) and some fungi (Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, Chrysosporium pannicale, Alternaria solani, Candida albicans ).

INTRODUCTION: In continuation of the work being carried out in our laboratory on the metal molybdate with organic ligand ^1-5, the present communication describes microbial studies of Co(II) & Cu(II) with antibiotic drug tetracycline  having molybdate as anion.

Experimental: Microbial studies of the synthesized complexes were performed at Department of Microbiology, Dr H S Gour University Sagar (MP) and Govt. Veterinary college Jabalpur (MP) using paper disc method Kathal et al ⁶,  on the following pathogenic bacteria using gram +ve (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus)  and  gram -ve  (Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhosa, Escherichia coli) and some fungi (Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, Chrysosporium pannicale, Alternaria solani, Candida albicans ).

RESULT & DISCUSSIONS: The synthesized complexes were screened for the antibacterial and antifungal activity using standard paper disc method ^7-10 against gram positive bacterial viz (table 1). Bacillus subtils and Staphyloccus aureus and gram negative bacteria viz. Escherichia coli  and Salmonella typhosa  and fungi Aspergillus flavus, Alterneria solani, Candid albicans , Fusarium oxysporum & Chrysosporium pannicle. In general all the tested complexes showed higher toxicity against bacterial and fungi under study.

TABLE 1: COMPLEXES OF DIFFERENT METALS WERE MARKED HAS S1, S2

Antibacterial activity: From table 2 it is concluded that complex S1 has shown maximum zone of inhibition against Shigella flexneri at the concentration of 0.1 M even at the concentration of 0.01 M it has shown good zone of inhibition in compression to other tested complexes. Against Salmonella typhosa good antibacterial activity was observed against almost all the tested complexes. Complex S1 individually shown maximum zone of inhibition against this organism.  Against Escherichia- coli maximum inhibitory effect were produced by complex S2. Bacillus subtilis was found to be more susceptible against complex  S2 maximum zone of inhibition were recorded against these tested complexes. Complexes S2 found to be more active and shown higher zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus in comparison to S1.

TABLE 2: ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SYNTHESIZED COMPLEXES

On comparing the anti-bacterial efficacy of these tested complexes, it is concluded that though most of the complexes reported satisfactory results for their antibacterial property but complexes S2 in particular gave promising results. From the above study it is observed that complex of Co(II) & Cu(II) with antibiotic drug Tetracycline found to most active against the tested  microorganisms. It is found that all the tested complexes exhibit good antibacterial activity at the concentration of 0.1 M and. it is interesting to note that inhibitory power of complexes decrease with the increase of their concentration. For the comparison of the antibacterial properties of these tested complexes against bacteria Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhosa, Escherichia- coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus the zone of inhibition have been graphically represented in Graph 1 to 5.

GRAPH 1: COMPARATIVE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF COMPLEXES AGAINST SHIGELLA FLEXNERI

S1=Ni (C₂₂ H₂₄ N₂ O₈) MoO₄ 3H₂O, S2 = Zn (C₂₂ H₂₄ N₂ O₈) MoO₄ 3H₂O

GRAPH 2: COMPARATIVE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF COMPLEXES AGAINST SALMONELLA TYPHOSA

S1= Ni (C₂₂ H₂₄ N₂ O₈) MoO₄ 3H₂O, S2= Zn (C₂₂ H₂₄ N₂ O₈) MoO₄ 3H₂O

S1 = Ni (C₂₂ H₂₄ N₂ O₈) MoO4 3H₂O, S2 = Zn (C₂₂ H₂₄ N₂ O₈) MoO4 3H₂O

GRAPH 3: COMPARATIVE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF COMPLEXES AGAINST   ESCEHRICHIA-COLI

GRAPH 4: COMPARATIVE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF COMPLEXES AGAINST BACILLUS SUBTILIS

S1 = Ni (C₂₂ H₂₄ N₂ O₈) MoO₄ 3H₂O, S2 = Zn (C₂₂ H₂₄ N₂ O₈) MoO₄ 3H₂O

GRAPH 5: COMPARATIVE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF COMPLEXES AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

S1 = Ni (C₂₂ H₂₄ N₂ O₈) MoO4 3H₂O, S2 = Zn (C₂₂ H₂₄ N₂ O₈) MoO4 3H₂O

Anti fungal activity: Study of anti-fungal activity of complexes S1, S2 was carried out against selected five fungi namely Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans, Alternaria solani,   Fusarium oxysporum and   Chrysosporium  pannicale. at varying concentration of complexes 0.1M , 0.5 M  and 0.01 M respectively and the result are recorded in terms of zone of inhibition which also includes the diameter of filter paper disc (6mm). From table 3 it is observed that at the concentration of 0.1M of complex S1 shown maximum zone of inhibition was recorded against Aspergillus flavus similarly good inhibitory efficacy was also observed at the same concentration of complexes S2 against Aspergillus flavus.

TABLE 3: ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF SYNTHESIZED COMPLEXES

Against Candida albicans at the concentration of 0.1M complex S2 have shown maximum activity but similarly, considerable zone of inhibition were also recoded in case of   complexes. It is evident from the result (Table 3) even at the concentration of 0.01 M all the complexes were found to be active against Candida albicans. Maximum zone of inhibition were recorded by all the complexes at the concentration of 0.1M against Alternaria solani. All the complexes at the concentration of 0.5 M have also given promising results.

The complex S2 at the concentration of 0.1 M produced maximum zone of inhibition against Fusarium oxysporum. Microorganism Chrysosporium pannicale was found susceptible against all the complexes tested at their concentration of 0.1M and 0.5 Complex S1 was found to posses good antifungal activity at 0.1 M concentration. For the comparison of the antifungal properties of these tested complexes against bacteria Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans, Alternaria solani,   Fusarium  oxysporum  and   Chrysosporium  pannicale the zone of inhibition have been graphically  represented  in Graph  6-10.

GRAPH 6: COMPARATIVE ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF COMPLEXES AGAINST ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS

S1 = Ni (C₂₂ H₂₄ N₂ O₈) MoO₄ 3H₂O, S2 = Zn (C₂₂ H₂₄ N₂ O₈) MoO₄ 3H₂O

GRAPH 7: COMPARATIVE ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF COMPLEXES AGAINST   CANDIDA ALBICANS

S1 = Ni (C₂₂ H₂₄ N₂ O₈) MoO₄ 3H₂O, S2 = Zn (C₂₂ H₂₄ N₂ O₈) MoO₄ 3H₂O

GRAPH 8: COMPARATIVE ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF COMPLEXES AGAINST ALTERNARIA SOLANI

S1 = Ni (C₂₂ H₂₄ N₂ O₈) MoO₄ 3H₂O, S2 = Zn (C₂₂ H₂₄ N₂ O₈) MoO₄ 3H₂O

GRAPH 9: COMPARATIVE ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF COMPLEXES AGAINST FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM

S1  = Ni  (C₂₂ H₂₄ N₂ O₈)  MoO₄ 3H₂O,  S2 = Zn  (C₂₂ H₂₄ N₂ O₈)  MoO₄ 3H₂O

GRAPH 10: COMPARATIVE ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF COMPLEXES AGAINST CHRYSPORIUM PANNICALE

S1 = Ni (C₂₂ H₂₄ N₂ O₈) MoO₄ 3H₂O, S2 = Zn (C₂₂ H₂₄ N₂ O₈) MoO₄ 3H₂O

Antimicrobial properties of the original drug against selected microorganism were also compared. It could be observed that synthesized complex have shown promising result compared to commercial original drug Tetracycline.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT: The authors are thankful to Dr. A. K. Guru, Director (Retd.) , State Forensic Science Laboratory, Sagar (M.P.), India and Head, Department of Chemistry & Head, Department of Microbiology  Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar (M.P.) for providing necessary laboratory facilities and valuable suggestions. The authors are also thankful to HOD, Govt. Veterinary College Jabalpur (M.P.)

REFERENCES:

1. Gupta and R.K Gautam. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 1998, 10(3), 541-253.
2. Guru. International Journal of Chem-Tech Research, 2009, 1(2), 291- 297  
3. Guru., M. P. Goutam and R.K. Gautam, Reviews in Inorganic chemistry, 2006 26(6), 521 -551.
4. Guru., Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2005, 17(2), 1322-1324.
5. Guru, R. K. Gautam., IJCC Silver Jublee Issue, 2004, 25, 115-120.
6. K. Kathal, and R.K. Gautam, J Indian Chem., 1990, 67(2), 95.
7. Gupta and R.K Gautam, Ind. J. Chem., 2002, 41(A), 763-766.
8. Guru, M. P. Goutam and R.K. Gautam, Chemical Papers, 2004, 58(5), 341-347.
9. M Li-june, Medicinal Research Review, 2003, 23, 697-762.
10. Gupta and R.K Gautam, Reviews in Inorganic chemistry, 2000. 20(3), 241–253.
    

    ---